摘要
黑龙江省位于西伯利亚、华北、太平洋三大板块之间,区内分布有大量金属矿床。作者在广泛收集和系统整理大量地质矿产资料的基础上,进行了详细的野外地质矿产调查和室内综合分析研究,取得了以下主要成果和认识。
1.提出了以群、组为基本单位的区域岩石地层划分新方案,分析了沉积环境、沉积建造类型与成矿的关系。
2.将区内火山活动划分为古亚洲和滨太平洋大陆边缘两个旋回以及兴凯、加东里、华力西、印支、燕山和喜山6个亚旋回,同时将区内岩浆活动划分为地块结晶基底形成、古亚洲造山和滨太平洋活动大陆边缘活动3个时期以及阜平、吕梁、晋宁、兴凯、加里东、华力西、印支和燕山8个阶段,在此基础上总结了火山岩和侵入岩构造环境、岩石组合和成矿特征。
3.查明了区内变质岩的特征及其与成矿的关系,认为古元古代孔兹岩系与金成矿关系密切,含铁岩系与铁金钨成矿关系密切;中元古代的蛇绿混杂岩系与金成矿关系密切;新元古代落马湖群变质岩系与金锑成矿关系较密切,倭勒根群变质岩系与铜铅锌成矿关系密切。
4.揭示了区内大型变形构造的特征及其与成矿的关系,认为中元古代太平沟-依兰-穆棱、新元古代环宇-新林、晚古生代贺根山-黑河和早中生代完达山四条构造混杂岩带以及上黑龙江、宁安小北湖-东苇塘和佳木斯-兴凯三条大型韧性剪切带与金的成矿作用密切相关。
5.在总结大陆构造基本特征的基础上,划分了岩石圈构造单元以及大地构造分区和构造演化阶段,分析了各构造演化阶段的主要特征及与成矿的关系,确立了黑龙江右岸北西向小兴安岭多金属构造—成矿带的存在。
6.将区内主要金属矿床分布区划分为大兴安岭省和吉黑成矿省两个成矿省以及7个Ⅲ级成矿带和29个Ⅳ级成矿亚带或矿化集中区,同时将区内主要矿床划分为19个成矿系统,并在分析各成矿系统特征的基础上,建立了重要成矿系统的成矿模式。
7.确定了重要金属矿产的主要成矿类型和成矿期,认为有色金属矿床主要为斑岩型和矽卡岩-热液型,成矿期为兴东期、加里东中期、华力西中晚期、印支晚期和燕山中期;金矿为沉积变质-混合岩化热液型、浅成中低温热液型、岩浆热液型和热泉型,成矿期为兴东期、印支晚期、燕山中期;铂钯矿为岩浆分异型,成矿期为华力西晚期;铁矿为沉积变质型、岩浆分异型和矽卡岩-热液型,成矿期为古元古代、新元古代、加里东中期、印支晚期和燕山中期。
8.通过论文工作,在铜山铜矿上部找到了金矿,在五道沟南山找到了金钼矿。
Heilongjiang Province is tectonically located among Siberia, North China and Pacific plates. In this area are distributed a great number of ore deposits. On the basis of wide collecting and systematical sorting out a lot of geological and economic geological data, detailed field investigation and comprehensive study have been carried out on the regional geology and ore deposits in the area.
The following are the major achievements obtained through this study.
1. A new classification scheme of regional strata is proposed, and an analysis of sedimentary environment, sedimentary formations and their relation to mineralization carried out in this paper.
2. Volcanic activities are divided into two cycles of Paleo-Asia and continental margin bordering on Pacific, including 6 sub-cycles of the Xingkai, Caledonian, Variscan, Indosinian, Yanshanian and Himalayan, and magmatic intrusive activities into three periods of platform crystallization base formation, Paleo-Asia orogenic movement, and tectonic movement in the active continental margin bordering on Pasific, including 8 stages of the Fuping, Lǔliang, Jinning, Xingkai, Caledonian, Variscan, Indosinian, Yanshanian, and Himalayan. A summarization based on these divisions is made on the characteristics of tectonic setting, lithological associations, and metallogeny in this area.
3. Characteristics of metamorphic rocks and their relation to mineralization are ascertained, indicating a close relation of the Early Proterozoic Kongci, Early Proterozoic iron-bearing, Middle Proterozoic mixed ophiolitic, Late Proterozoic Luomahu Group metamorphic, and Late Proterozoic Wolegen Group metamorphic rock series to gold, iron-gold-tungsten, gold, gold-stibium, and copper-lead-zinc mineralization, respectively.
4. Features of large deformation structures and their relation to mineralizeation are revealed, showing a close relation of the Middle Proterozoic Taipinggou- Yilan-Muleng, Late Proterozoic Huanyu-Xinlin, Late Paleozoic Hegenshan-Heihe, and Early Mesozoic Wandashan tectonic mixed rock belts as well as the upper Heilongjiang, Ningan Xiaobeihu-Dongweitang, and Jiamusi-Xingkai large tough shearing belts to gold metallogeny.
5. Based on summarization of basic tectonic characteristics, lithospheric and tectonic units and tectonic evolution stages are divided, with a focus on major characteristic of different tectonic evolution stages and relation of tectonic evolution to metallogeny. Meanwhile, occurrence of the Xiaoxinganling NW-extending polymetallic tectonic-metallogenic belt on the right bank of Heilongjiang River is proved.
6. Distribution areas of the major ore deposits are divided into two metallogenic provinces, including 7 gradeⅢmetallogenic belts that are divided into 29 gradeⅣsub-belts of metallogeny or clusters of ore deposits. Characteristics of 19 metallogenic systems responsible for the formation of the major ore deposits in the area are analysed, leading to proposing several metallogenic models for important metallogenic systems.
7. Main types and periods of mineralization are determined, indicating that nonferrous ore deposits are predominated by porphyry and skarn-hydrothermal types and formed in the Xingdong, middle Caledonian, middle to late Variscan, late Indo-Sinian, and middle Yanshanian periods, gold deposits by sedimentary metamorphic-migmatized hydrothermal, superficial middle-low temperature hydrothermal, magmatic hydrothermal, and hot spring types in the Xingdong, late Indo-Sinian, and middle Yanshanian periods, platinum-palladium deposits by magmatic differential type in the late Variscan period, and iron deposits by sedimentary metamorphic, magmatic differential, and skarn-hydrothermal types in the Paleo-Proterozoic, Late Proterozoic, middle Caledonian, late Indo-Sinian, and middle Yanshanian periods.
8. New gold and gold- molybdenum deposits have been discovered over the Tongshan copper deposit and in the Wudaogou-Nanshan region, respectively, through this study.
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