摘要
近年来,在单芯片上集成纳米功能单元的能力成为衡量半导体纳米技术发展的一个重要标志。半导体纳米结构(量子点、量子环、纳米线等)功能单元相关的生长制备技术、量子物理效应以及潜在的光电器件应用研究因此成为了凝聚态物理以及半导体纳米技术领域的研究热点。
本论文依托课题组承担的国家高技术研究发展计划(批准号:2009AA03Z405)、国家自然科学基金(批准号:60644004),紧密围绕半导体纳米材料(量子点和量子环)的生长机制以及量子点在器件集成中的物理特性展开相关的理论研究。取得的主要成果如下:
1建立了半导体自组织量子点在Stanski-Kastanov模式下生长的动力学蒙特卡罗仿真模型。基于动力学蒙特卡罗仿真模型研究了生长参数(温度、沉积速率、生长停顿时间等)对量子点生长质量(均匀性)的影响。
2在动力学蒙特卡罗模型的基础上,建立了基于结构衬底的生长仿真模型。研究了方形和圆形单纳米洞对原子扩散行为的影响,发现原子倾向于在纳米洞侧壁上聚集;通过对比发现,由于原子台阶的分布差异,原子更倾向于向方形纳米洞中扩散。研究了不同原子之间的结合能对量子点组分分布的影响规律,原子结合能的差异会影响原子岛中不同原子的混合程度。
3建立基于动力学蒙特卡罗的量子环自组织生长模型,通过设计衬底中量子点的不同埋藏条件(量子点数量、量子点半高比),实现了对自组织外延量子环的生长尺寸和位置的调控,进一步可以实现了实现双量子环以及多量子环分子的生长。
4利用有限元方法(FEM)研究了应变补偿层对InAs/GaAs量子点尺寸的补偿作用以及补偿层对相邻两层量子点垂直对准概率的影响。从生长均匀性角度出发,提出了包括补偿位置和补偿浓度的优化补偿方案。在此基础上,研究了不同位置的应变补偿层对量子点电子和空穴的能级以及波函数分布影响的规律。
5利用有限元方法研究了半导体纳米薄膜与衬底的相互作用,得到了薄膜厚度与衬底可比时衬底的弯曲曲率与薄膜衬底厚度比之间的关系。为了考虑原子细节,建立了基于原子势函数方法的仿真模型,并结合能量最小化原理对量子点和超薄衬底系统进行了几何优化。通过对不同尺寸的金子塔、半球形量子点系统的几何优化,得出超薄衬底的非线性弯曲与量子点形状和尺寸的关系。
6基于有效质量近似理论和有限元方法建立了机械外力与量子点系统相互作用的模型。研究了不同方向和大小的机械外力对InAs/GaAs半导体量子点中应变、带边的影响,以及最终对电子和空穴能级的影响的规律,为实验上实现外力调控量子点发光波长提供了理论依据。
The ability of integration of nanoscale functional unit on a single chip has become an important symbol of semiconductor technology development in recent decades. The research of the growth techniques, quantum physics effects and penitential applications in devices of semiconductor nanostructure (quantum dots(QDs), quantum rings(QRs), nanowires(NWs)) become the frontier in condensed matter physics and semiconductor nanotechnology.
Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2009AA03Z405), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60644004), this dissertation focuses on the theoretical simulation on self-organization growth mechanism of semiconductor QDs and QRs,as well as the physical characteristics of semiconductor QDs inthedevice integrations. This thesis covers the following six main contributions:
1Three-dimensional kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation model of semiconductor quantum dots self-organization growth in the Stanski-Kastanov mode is established. The effects of growth parameters (temperature, deposition rate, growth parameters, growth interruption time) on the quantum dot growth quality (uniformity) are investigated.
2The model with structured substrate is developed based on the previously KMC model. Atomic diffusion behavior on structured substrate with different shape single nanohole is studied, and atom is preferred to nucleate on the sidewall of the nanohole. By comparing the results, atom is likely to diffuse into the square nanohole due to the distributionof the atomic steps. The effects of atomic bonding energy on QDs composition distribution is also investigated, difference of the atomic bonding energy effects the mixture of atoms in the islands.
3Self-organized growth model based on Kinetic Monte Carlo is established. Through the design of buried conditions (the number of quantum dots, quantum dot semi-height ratio) in substrate, controlling the size and location of the self-organized epitaxial quantum ring is achieved. Besides above, quantum rings molecular can be also achieved.
4The impact of the strain compensation layer on size of InAs/GaAs QDs,as well as vertical alignment probability of QDs in neighbor layers, is discussed by using finite element method (FEM). From the view of growth uniformity QDs, optimal concentration and position of strain compensation layer is proposed. Besides above, the engery level and wave function distribution of electron and heavy hole in QDs with strain compensation layer at different location is obtained.
5Interaction of semiconductor nano films and substrates is investigated by using finite element method. The relationship between the ratio of the film and substrate thickness and the bending curvature of the substrate is discussed.In order to consider the atomic details, simulation model based on the atomic potential function (APF) method is developed, the geometry of quantum dots and ultra-thin substrate system is optimized with energy minimization method. The different size of pyramid, hemispherical quantum dots and substrate are optimized using the APF method. And the influence of size and shape of QDs on nonlinear bending of the ultra-thin substrate is obtained.
6The interaction model of the mechanical force and the quantum dot system is established by finite elements method combining with effective mass approximation theory. Strain, band edge, electron and heavy hole energy level in the InAs/GaAs QDs under mechanical force with various directions is discussed. Our results provide a theoretical basis for tailoring emission wavelength by using the mechanical forceactively.
引文
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