摘要
近几十年来,大地电场(电流)观测方法和地震预报的实践,证实地下电场磁场临震前兆是存在的。基于目前观测方法落后,观测仪器多用模拟单台站不适合资料比较处理的现状,本论文研究了数字化、连续采集、远程网络传输的电磁扰动观测系统。
论文首先对地震前兆地下电磁场变化的机理进行了理论分析,确定地震前地下电磁场变化的存在,并对用电磁异常预测预报地震以及如何排除干扰因素进行了分析,接着对电磁扰动观测系统进行了总体设计。地震电磁扰动观测系统包括监控中心站和单台站。将多个采集单台站分布于各个不同地点,用于收集不同地点的地震观测数据。采集单台站实时地对所在地点的地震信息进行采集转换,以有线或无线方式传输至远程监控中心站台。监控中心站负责对单台站进行有效的远程控制,接收基站传输来的地震测量数据,并将该数据进行本地存储处理打印等。
论文重点研究了采集和远程网络传输部分。采集部分中,采用测量电极拾取观测场地上的电磁扰动信号。由测量电极获取的模拟数据,经采集板放大、滤波及模数转换后,经传输模块传送到监控中心站。
网络传输部分中,针对地震预报观测中,好多地方无人值守,台站相距较远等特点,研究远程数据传输方式,对比现有的各种传输方式,重点研究了无线传输方式,提出基于GPRS技术的采集数据远程传输及组网设计方案。无线收发部分采用GPRS无线传输模块,数据由天线发出,经由GPRS网络,连通Internet网。监控中心是可以接入互连网的设备,通过路由器把远端单台站采集并传输的数据接收下来。
电磁扰动观测仪的成功研制,使得对地下电磁扰动观测可以实时进行,连续数字采集,图形显示。实现了远程网络数据传输,可将基站数据通过网络传输到分析中心,同时对多个基站的观测数据进行显示、统计分析,可进行分段统计平均值、最大值、总量,可对异常进行统计分析,为地震预报提供依据。
It has been confirmed that the earthquake precursors of underground electromagnetic field are existent through the underground electronic field/current observation method and the practice of earthquake forecast for several decades. Based on the current situation of slow observation method and that information is not easy processed due to using analog single observation instrument, the thesis investigates the electromagnetic observation system of digital and successive collection and remote network transmission.
Firstly, the thesis makes a theoretical analysis on the underground electromagnetic field change mechanism of earthquake anomaly, and confirms that underground electromagnetic field changes exist before earthquake, and analyzes how to forecast earthquake using electromagnetic anomaly and how to exclude interference factor. Earthquake electromagnetic disturbance observation system includes monitoring center station and single station. Several single collecting stations are distributed at different places to collect earthquake observation data from different places. Every single collecting station collects and transforms the earthquake information at its location place in real time, and transmits them to remote monitoring center via line or wireless way.
The thesis mainly focuses on collecting and remote network transmission parts. In collection part, the thesis adopts measuring electrode to collect electromagnetic disturbance signal from observation location. Analog data collected by measuring electrode are amplified and filtered and AD converted through collecting board, and then transmitted to monitoring center.
In network transmission part, to solve unattended operation and stations far apart in earthquake forecast observation, the thesis does research on remote data transmission method and contrasts current several transmission ways, and focuses on wireless transmission way and put forward data collecting remote transmission and network design based on GPRS. In wireless transceiver part, GPRS module is adopted, and data are transmitted to connect Internet via GPRS network. Monitoring center can be connected to Internet and receive the data collected and transmitted from remote single station through router.
Electromagnetic disturbance instrument can carry out underground electromagnetic disturbance observation in real time and successive digital collection and graphic display. It realizes remote network data transmission and transmits base station data to analysis center via network, and it can display observation data of several stations simultaneously and carry out statistical analysis about them, including partitioned assembly average and maximum and gross. It can make statistical analysis on anomaly to provide foundation for earthquake forecast.
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