摘要
织物仿真技术是将计算机辅助设计(CAD)技术应用到织物设计中，通过计算机设计织物的纹样、图案，模拟生成具有真实感效果的织物表面外观。
织物仿真技术的应用不仅可以提高纺织产品的设计效率，将设计人员从繁杂的劳动中解放出来、使之能够将更多的时间和精力投入到产品构思及开发中去，而且由于不必实际生产出样品就能够得到具有真实感的设计效果图，生产周期大大缩短，产品开发成本大幅降低；同时加快了企业对市场的反应速度，企业、供求之间的信息交流更加便捷、高效，消除了生产过程中的盲目性，增加了企业的竞争力。
纺织CAD技术在发达国家的纺织行业已经比较普及，但在国内，只有少部分具有一定规模的企业在纺织品的设计、生产中用到了CAD技术，国内市场占有率仍然非常低。在织物外观模拟系统的开发方面，国外的机构起步较早，开发的系统也已经进入商品化阶段；相比较之下，国内的系统基本上都是处在实验室试验阶段，没有开发完成比较成熟的商品化系统。
本文设计了一个在二维空间中实现织物平面效果模拟的系统：在按照工艺标准的前提下，以纱线为基本的单元，通过在经纬两个方向各种不同纱线的排列、纵向的经纱和横向的纬纱的交织来模拟织物的外观。该系统使设计人员可以简单、方便地改变织物的组织、纱线排列，随心所欲地对织物模拟图上各种颜色的经纬纱线进行调色配色，淋漓尽致地将设计思想表达出来，在织物上机织造之前就能看到实际织造结果。其中着重介绍了纱线紧密排列，存在相互覆盖时的显示算法(包括同种类型的纱线相互覆盖和不同类型的纱线相互覆盖)，单根纱线的平面模拟算法和生成纱线毛羽纹理的方法。接着，将模拟环境延伸到三维空间，用曲面拼接的方式简单构造了纱线表面的模型；然后提出了一种模拟纱线交织形态的方法，并作了精确的计算，最后用上述模型和方法模拟了平纹织物的外观。
Applying CAD to textile designation, using computer software to design textile
pattern, the technique of fabric simulation can generate realistic appearance of all kinds of fabrics.
With the application of fabric simulation technique, textile designation
becomes quite easy and effective; designer will be released from multifarious and trivial labor and have more time or energy to engage in conceiving production; you can obtain realistic textile pictures and need not to weave out it actually, this will lead to a great many benefits: shorten produce period rapidly, reduce running expense sharply, fasten enterprise's reaction to marketing, make convenient for information communication and producers will free from motiveless manufacture. Along with wild employment of electronic business, producers can utilize Internet to put out newly products, do business and intercommunication. Therefore, the producer will be more competitive.
The technique of fabric simulation has been wildly accept and put into use
overseas. But inside China, there is only a fraction of fabric manufacturers take advantage of CAD technique during designation and production. And the marketing occupation of this software is still at a comparatively low level. In the respect of fabric simulation research and development, institutions overseas started off earlier, and have put out some commercial software; while the software in domestic is however just at the experimental phase.
This paper demonstrates a system based on 2-dimension, which implement
plain fabric simulation. According to fabricate criterion, viewing thread as the basic unit, we generate the textile pictures by arranging threads, and crossing warps and wefts. This system renders textile designers change all the fabric properties freely, and express ones' ideas incisively and vividly. Meanwhile, this paper emphasizes the display algorithm of tightly arranged threads
overlap, thread picture simulation and feather generation. In succession, we stretch the simulating environment into 3-dimension. Structuring a simple model by patching up Bezier covers to figure the surface of a single thread, putting forward an accurate method to display the shape of thread interlacing, we simulated the tabby fabric.
引文
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