摘要
本实验以处于围产期的57头奶牛为研究对象,通过实验室检查结合临床症状查出其中健康的经产牛、健康的初产牛及患酮病、患脂肪肝、患胎衣不下的自然病例,在奶牛产前15天,产前8天,产前1天,产后1天,产后8天,产后15天和产后22天分别采颈静脉血,检测血清中甲状腺激素(T4和T3)、促甲状腺激素、碘、硒和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的含量、摸索出其动态变化并作了统计分析。
实验结果显示:
1.健康的经产牛围产期血清中T4、T3、TSH、I、Se、GSH-Px均呈现波浪式动态变化,最高值分别出现在产前1天,产后22天,产后1天,产前15天,产后22天,产后15天;TSH最低值出现在产前15天,其它检测指标最低值出现在产后1天。
2.患酮病的奶牛围产期处于缺碘、缺硒状态,其产后甲状腺机能出现减退。
3.患脂肪肝的奶牛围产期处于缺硒碘状态,患脂肪肝期间同时伴发甲状腺功能减退症。
4.患胎衣不下的奶牛围产期硒碘含量低于正常值,其生产前后伴发亚临床甲状腺功能减退症。
5.健康的初产牛围产期血清中T4、T3、TSH、I、Se、GSH-Px的动态变化趋势同健康的经产牛类似,总体上血清中T4、T3、I、Se、GSH-Px的含量值略低于健康的经产牛。
6.本实验数据统计结果显示:奶牛血清中T4与TSH、T3、I、Se、GSH-Px的相关系数分别为-0.749,0.535, 0.691,0.655,0.603;T3与TSH、I、Se、GSH-Px的相关系数分别为-0.502,0.457,0.572,0.401;Se与GSH-Px的相关系数为0.820。
57 cows in the perinatal period were used in the experiment.Through clinical symptom and laboratory examination, they were divided into five groups that were healthy multiparity cows,healthy primiparity cows,cows with fatty liver disease, cows with ketosis and cows with rtention fetal membrance. We experimented blood of antepartum 15,8,1 day and postnatal 1,8,15,22 day,then assayed Thyroid hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, Iodine ,Selenium, GSH-Px in blood-serum. At last,we analysed data by statistical way .
The results showed that:
1. Thyroid hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone,Iodine,Selenium and GSH-Px of blood-serum in healthy multiparity cows presented wave change respectively during the Perinatal Period.Highest value was at antepartum 1day for T4, at postnatal 22days for T3,at postnatal 1 day for TSH,at antepartum 15 days for Iodine, at postnatal 22days for Se,at postnatal 15 days for GSH-Px.;lowest value at antepartum 15 days for TSH, at postnatal 1 day for others.
2. Cows with ketosis showed Iodine deficiency disorders and Selenium deficiency disorders during the perinatal period, meanwhile hypothyroidism after childbirth .
3. Cows with fatty liver disease showed Iodine deficiency disorders,Selenium deficiency disorders and hypothyroidism.
4. The levels of thyroid hormone in serum samples of cows with rtention fetal membrance were significantly lower than that of comparison group (P<0.05),and the levels of Selenium and Iodine were significantly lower than normal value.
5. Dynamic change curves of thyroid hormone,thyroid-stimulating hormone, Iodine ,Selenium and GSH-Px were similar between healthy multiparity cows and healthy primiparity cows. But most of numerical value of primiparity cows were lower than that of multiparity cows.
6 .Statistical result from this study showed: Correlative coefficient of T4 vs TSH,T3,I,Se,GSH-Px respectively was -0.749,0.535,0.691,0.655,0.603; Correlative coefficient of T3 vs TSH,I,Se,GSH-Px respectively was -0.502,0.457,0.572,0.401;Correlative coefficient of Se vs GSH-Px was 0.820.
引文
1 刘国文,王哲.围产期奶牛能量代谢病的研究进展.[J]黑龙江畜牧兽医,2004,No.8:78-79
2 单忠艳,腾卫平.甲状腺疾病与妊娠.[J]国际内分泌杂志,2006,09,Vol.26,No.5:295-298
3 Perkins K H,Vande Haar M J,et al.Negetive erergy blance does not decrease exprease of leukocyte adhesion or antigenpresenting molecules in cattle.[J]J Dairy Sci,2001, 84(2):421-428
4 Bloce S S,Rhoads R P,et al.Demonstration of a role for insulin in the regulation of leptin in lactating dairy cowa.[J]J Dairy Sci,2003,86(11):3508-3515
5 Block S S,Butler W R,et al.Decreased concentration of plasma leptin in periparurrient dairy cows is cauded by negative energy balance.[J]J Endocrinol,2001,171(2):339-348
6 陈代文.奶牛脂肪肝的发病机理及防治措施.[J]中国畜牧兽医,2002,29(3):37-40
7 Mandel S J,Spencer C A,Hollowell JG.Are detection and treatment of thyroid insufficiency in pregnancy feasible.[J]Thyroid,2005,15:44-53
8 Mestman J H,Goodwin T M,Montoro M M.Thyroid disorders of pregnancy.[J]Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am,1995,24:41-71
9 Millar L K,Wing D A,Leung A S,et al.Lowbirthweight and preeclampsia in pregnancies complicated by hyperthyroidism.[J]Obstet Gynecol,1994,84:946-949
10 Davis L E,Lucas M J,Hankins G D,et al.Thyrotoxicosis complicating pregnancy.[J]Am J Obstet Gynecol,1989,160:63-70
11 Momotani N,Noh J Y,Ishikawa N,et al.Effects of propylthiouracil and methimazole on fetal thyroid status in mothers with Graves′hyperthy-roidism.[J]J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1997,82:3633-3636
12 Hollowell J G,LaFranchi S H,Smallridge R C,et al.2004 where do we go from here -Summary of working group discussions on thyroid function and gestational outcomes.[J]Thyroid, 2005,15:72-76
13 Pop V J.Maternal thyroid peroxidase antibodiesduringpregnancy:a marker of impaired chile development.[J]J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1995,80:3561-3566
14 Haddow J E,Palamaki G E,Allan W C,et al.Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child.[J]Med,1999,341:549-555
15 Kooistra L,Crawford S,van Baar A L,et al.Neonatal effects of maternal hypothyroxinemia during early pregnancy.[J]Pediatrics,2006,117:161-167
16 Pop V J,Kuijpens J L,Van Baar A L,et al.Lowmaternal free thyroxine concertration during early pregnancy are associated with impaired psychomotor development in early infancy.[J]Clin Endocrinol,1999,50:149-155
17 Mandel S J,Spencer C A,Hollowell J G. Are detection and treatment of thyroidinsufficiency in pregnancy feasible?[J]Thyroid,2005,15:44-53
18 Amino N,Tada H,Hidaka Y,et al.Therapeutic controversy:screeningfor postpartum thyroiditis.[J]J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1999,84:1813-1821
19 Stagnaro-Green A,Roman S H,Cobin R H,et al.Detection of at-risk pregnancy bymeans of highly sensitive assays for thyroid autoantibodies.[J]JAMA,1990,264:1422-1425
20 Pop V J,WijnenH A,Lapkienne L,et al.The relation between gestationalthyroid parameters and depression:a reflection of the downregulation of the immune system during pregnancy?[J]Thyroid,2006,16:485-492
21 Teng W P,Shan Z Y,TengX C,et al.The effect of iodine intake on thyroid diseases in China.[J]New Engl J Med,2006,354:2783-2793
22 杨克敌.微量元素与健康.[M]科学出版社,2003,6:230-232
23 Burrow G N.Thyroid function and hyperfunction during gestation.[J]Endocr Rev,1993, 14:194-202
24 Glinoer D,Nayer P,Bourdoux P,et al.Regulation of matemal thyroid during pregnancy. [J]J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1990,71:276-287
25 Burrow G N.Thyroid status in normal pregnancy.[J]J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1990,71: 274-275
26 Smyth P A,Smith D F,et al. Matemal iodine status and thyroid volume during pregency: correlation with neonatal iodine intake.[J]J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1997, 82:2840-2843
27 WHO/UNCEF/ICCIDD Consultation.Recommended iodine levels in salt and guidelines for monitoring their adequacy and effectiveness[R].IDD Newsletter,1997,12:10-11
28 Contempre B,Jauniaux E,Calvo R, et al. Detection of thyroid hormones in human embryonic cavities during the first trimester of pregnancy.[J]J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1993, 77:1719-1722
29 吴艺捷,阎玉芹.碘与妊娠.[J]中国地方病学杂志,1997,07,VOL.18,NO.4:308-310
30 陆黎明,黄志坚.硒的营养研究进展.[J]动物科学与医学,2004.6,Vol.21,No.6:40-42
31 Young K J.Intervention studies on canner.[J] Eur J Cancer Prev,1999,8(2):91-103
32 王志新.病毒性肝炎患者血硒、过氧化脂质和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力测定的临床意义.[J]中国传染病杂志,1990,8(4):209-210
33 李锋,李宣海.维生素 E 和硒对 CCL4 大鼠急性肝损伤和看氧化功能的影响.[J]Chin J Gastroenterol,2002,7(6):338-341
34 杨丁.维生素 E 和硒在奶牛保健上的作用.[J]中国奶牛,1997(5):38-41
35 阎玉芹.新生儿全血检测意义和技术.[J]中国地方病杂志,1998,17:387-388
36 高桂珠,王永红.检测孕妇促甲状腺激素水平在防治碘缺乏病中的价值.[J]Chin J PerimatMay,Aug 2000 Vol 3,No.3:135-137
37 王桂琴,微量元素硒的研究进展[DB/OL].2006-5-2
38 杨保收.硒、锌及其互作对肉鸡血液氧自由基代谢及生产性能的影响.[M]北京:中国农业大学博士学位论文,1999,1-7,117-127
39 盛永杰,陈维多.硒对奶牛红细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的浓度依赖性研究.[J]黑龙江畜牧兽医,2001,8:8-9
40 黄峙,郭宝江.含硒酶与非酶作用机制.[J]生命科学,2002,14(2):99-102
41 郭玲.含硒的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶与人类健康的关系.[J]微量元素与健康研究,2002,19(1):69-72
42 Chen N,Liu Y,Greiner C D,et al.Physiological concenteations of homocysteine inhibit the human plasma GSH peroxidase that reduce organic hydroperoxidase.[J] J Lab Clin Med,2000,136(I):58-65
43 Ho Y S,Magnenat J L,Gargano M,et al.The nature of antioxidant defense mechanisma:a lesson from transgenic studies.[J]Environ Health Perspect,1998,5:1219-1228
44 宋淑荣,胡云霞.硒与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶在妊娠高血压综合征中的变化.[J]营养学报,2003,Vol.25,No.3:333-335
45 Cheng W H,Ross D A,et al.Overexpression of cellular glutathione peroxidase does not affect expression of plasma glutathione peroxidase of phopholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in mice offered diets adequate or deficient in selenium.[J]J Nutr,1997,127:675-680
46 Mahan D C,Parretl N A.Evaluating the efficacy of selenium enriched yeast and sodium selenite on tissue selenium retention and serum glutathione peroxidase activity in grower and finisher swine.[J]J Anim Sci,1996,74:2967-2974
47 Molnar J,Macpherson A,Dixon J,et al.Effect of supplementation with selenium on whole blood glutathione peroxidase activities and on plasma and tissue selenium concentration in lambs.[J]Biol Trace Elem Res,1996,55:253-262
48 Rayman M P,Ward M,et al.Comparison of selenium levels in preeclamptic and normal pregnancies.[J]Biol Trace Ele Res,1996,55:9-20
49 阎玉芹.砷铈催化分光光度法测碘[DB/OL].2006-4-2
50 GB12399-2003(中华人民共和国国家标准)食物中硒的测定方法.
51 东北农业大学主编,兽医临床诊断学.[M]北京:中国农业出版社,2001.5:248
52 王建华.家畜内科学.[M]-3 版.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.6:231
53 王建华.家畜内科学.[M]-3 版.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.6:219
54 Mandel S J,Spencer C A,Hollowell J G. Are detection and treatment of thyroid insufficiency in pregnancy feasible.[J]Thyroid,2005,15:44-53
55 闫家阁,张纪云.母体不同孕期与新生儿血甲状腺激素及促甲状腺激素水平的观察.[J]山东医科大学学报,2000.12,Vol.38,No.4:94-97
56 司黎,闫素清,何春华.孕妇体内微量元素 Cu Zn 与甲状腺激素 T3T4 的关系.[J]微量元素与健康研究,Vol.17,No.3:32-33
57 唐美仪.小鼠血清甲状腺激素水平与免疫功能的衰老变化.[J]曲阜师范大学学报,1995,21(4) :81-85
58 赵明,季晓鹏.肝病患者血清中甲状腺激素水平的分析.[J]放射免疫学杂志,2005,18(6):475-476
59 陈卓鹏.血清甲状腺激素对判断肝硬化患者肝储备功能及预后的临床价值.[J]临床肝胆病杂志,Apr 2005,21(2):104-105
60 Gallo V,Rabbia F,Retrino R,et al.Liver and thyroid: physiopathologic and clinical relationships.[J]Recent Prog Med,1992,81:351-355
61 Kabadi M U,Premachandra B N.Low serum T3 and raised reverse T3levels in hepatic cirrhosis:role of glucagon.[J]Am J Gastroenterol,1991,96:1504-1507
62 Custro N,Scafidi V,Costanzol G,et al.Prospective study on thy-roid function anomalies in severely ill patients.[J]Ann ltal Med lnt,1992,7:13-18
63 薛爱玲,血清甲状腺激素水平和各类肝病的关系.[J]中国误诊学杂志,2002,7,Vol.2,No.7: 1029-1032
64 Mandel S J,Spencer C A,Hollowell J G.Are detection and treatment of thyroid insufficiency in pregnancy feasible.[J]Thyroid,2005,15:44-53
65 Soldin O P,Tractenberg R E,Hollowell J G,et al.Trimester-specific changes in maternal thyroid hormone,thyrotropin,and thyroglobulin concentrations during gestation: trends and associations across trimesters in iodine sufficiency. [J]Thyroid,2004,14: 1084-1090
66 Dhatt G S,Jayasundaram R,Wareth L A,et al.Thyrotrophin and free thyroxine trimester -specific reference intervals in a mixed ethnic pregnant.
67 Dashe J S,Casey B M,Wells C E,et al.Thyroid-stimulating hormone in singleton and twin pregnancy:importance of gestational age-specific reference ranges.[J]Obstet Gynecol, 2005,106:753-757
68 周荣华,陶华,董晓菊,等.孕妇不同孕期碘营养与新生儿甲状腺功能的关系.[J]中华流行病学杂志,2002,23(5):5
69 李思果,彭良斌等.妊娠反应与孕早期碘营养和垂体-甲状腺功能的关系.[J]中国公共卫生,2003,VOL.19,No.1:37-38
70 Caron P,Hoff M,Bazzis,et al.Urinary iodine excretion during normalpregnancy in healthy women living in the southwest of France.[J]J Thyroid,1997,7(5):749
71 Burrow G N.Thyroid function and hyperfunction during gestation.[J] Thyroid,1997,7(5): 749-754
72 关海霞,李晨阳等.妊娠晚期妇女甲状腺疾病特点及甲状腺自身抗体变化的研究.[J]中华妇产科杂志,August 2006,Vol.41,No.8:529-532
73 何生虎,徐桂花.围产期奶牛疾病病因的调查研究.[J]宁夏农学院学报,2000, Vol.21,No.2: 72-77
74 王娟,王素兰,硒与高危妊娠病理生理的关系.[J]医学综述,Jan 2007,Vol.13,No.1:76-78
75 Noriko N.Effects of gestational stage and injection roule on the Corporeal distribution and placenta transfer of selenium in pregnantmice.[J]Industrial Health,1995,23(3):95-97
76 吴蕴棠,孙忠,车素萍,等.锌、硒对糖尿病大鼠糖、脂代谢紊乱的调节及其分子机制的研究.[J]卫生研究,2004,33(1):70-73
77 Stapleton S R.Selenium: an insulin-mimetic.[J] Cell Mol Life Sci,2000,57:1874-1879
78 张娅婕,甘振威,等.硒与铬对糖尿病小鼠糖代谢及抗氧化影响.[M]中国公共卫生,2005,11, VOL.21,NO.11:1356-1358
79 Sheng X Q,Huang K X,Xu H B.New experimental observation on the relationship of selenium and diabetes mellitus.[J]Biol Trace Elem Res,2004,99(3):241-254
80 陶勇,李亚东等.硒的作用机制及其对动物免疫机能的作用.[J]动物科学与动物医学,2000, 17(4):11-12
81 栾新红.硒的生物学功能及在家禽中的应用研究现状.[J]中国家禽,1997,10:33-34
82 李竞,肖昌等.鸡白痢沙门氏菌感染雏鸡后体内的抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化物含量的变化.[J]中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(6):412-414
83 Pessayre D,Mansouri A,Fromenty B.Nonalacoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis V. mitochondrial dysfunctin in steatohepatitis.[J]Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Pysiol,2002,282(2):G193-199
84 Sanyal A J,Campbell-Sargent C,Mirshahi F,et al.Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities.[J] Gastroenterol, 2001,120(5):1183-1192
85 Ding HQ,Zhou BJ,Liu L,et al.Oxidative stress and metallothionein expression in the liver of rats with severe thermal injury.[J]Burn,2002,28(3):215-221
86 Kern P A,Fishman R B,Song W,et al.The effect of 2,3,7,8-terachlo-rodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on oxidative enzymes in adipocytes and liver.[J]Toxicology,2002,171(2-3): 117-125
87 和永祥,舒昌杰等.硒保护离体人肝细胞脂质过氧化物损伤的初步观察.[J]中华预防医学杂志,1995,29(2):165-167
88 和永祥,李长顺等.硒对人外周血单个核细胞IL-2系统的影响.[J]微量元素与健康研究,2003,20(2):7-9
89 和永祥,李红霞等.补硒治疗慢性肝病患者 PBMC 功能紊乱的临床价值.[J]西安交通大学学报, 2003,24(6):621-623
90 朱祖康,秦为琳等.乳牛分娩前后营养代谢和激素调节的某些特点.[J]畜牧与兽医,1993, 25(6):249-250
91 毛鑫智.乳牛围产期营养代谢和内分泌生理特点.[J]中国奶牛,1990,(1):24-26
92 毛鑫智,朱祖康等.乳牛围产期不同营养阶段代谢和激素调节的特点研究.[J]中国奶牛,1991, (1):50-53
93 焦淑贤,王清兰奶牛分娩应激过程中血液某些生化变化特点初步研究.[J]中国农业科学,1999, 32(2):82-86
94 陈武,徐剑琴等.胎衣不下奶牛围产期血液流变学指标变化.[J]动物医学进展,2004,25(5):97 -99
95 马衡,和寿英.奶牛胎衣不下病与牛毛微量元素关系.[J]云南师范大学学报,Dec,1996,Vol. 16,No.4:50-53
96 Badinand F.Physiology and pathology of the bovine uterus during the puerperal period: Expulsion of membranes and involution.[J]Veterinary Bulletin,1996,56(3):228
97 姜国均,王 萍.奶牛胎衣不下与血浆 NO、GSH-Px、MDA 变化的关系.[J]动物医学进展,2003,24(6):98-100