摘要
中国从计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨的过程中,一个显著的特征就是家族企业的崛起。许多研究表明,家族企业的持续和快速发展是中国经济保持不断增长的重要动力之一。目前,处于创业和成长阶段的中国家族企业大都采取所有权与经营权合一的古典式家族企业组织形式。随着中国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立和完善,古典式家族企业组织形式该如何发展和演变,这是一个急待研究的迫切问题。
本文的主题是,研究转轨时期中国家族企业组织演进问题,探讨家族企业组织演进的各种影响因素,从而为转轨时期中国家族企业向现代企业制度转型及网络化成长提供理论支撑,并为进一步推动中国家族企业健康成长提供相关的政策建议。为此,本文主要进行了以下几个方面的工作:
第一,剖析了转轨时期中国家族企业的发展和演变现状。包括:
①对转轨时期中国家族企业的历史沿革、主要类型、发展和演变的基本特征进行了纵向分析。明确了转轨时期中国家族企业的发展经历了三个阶段、存在着两种主要类型、家族企业以两权合一的古典式家族企业组织形式居多、但是部分家族企业的公司化行为已初见端倪、或部分家族企业通过与其它企业的网络联系来获得发展。
②通过纵向分析并与西方市场经济发达国家(美国)家族企业的横向比较,明确了转轨时期中国家族企业存在的主要问题是,企业竞争力不足及创新机制受到约束等;影响转轨时期中国家族企业组织演进的基本因素是企业所处的外部市场和社会信任环境以及企业内部的制度、技术和管理能力等。
第二,系统地探讨了影响转轨时期中国家族企业组织演进的基本因素。
①针对家族企业公司化演进路径,分析了国家政治法律制度、外部市场(包括劳动力市场、产品市场、资本市场)以及社会资本(包括信任、企业家网络)对家族企业组织演进的影响。其中,劳动力市场的分析侧重于研究职业经理人市场对家族企业雇佣职业经理人员以实现企业两权分离的影响,产品市场的分析侧重于研究制度性产业进入壁垒对家族企业两权分离的影响,资本市场的分析侧重于研究资本市场的发展对家族企业上市的影响;社会资本的分析侧重于研究信任和企业家网络对家族企业组织演进的影响。
②针对家族企业网络化演进路径,重点分析了社会资本(包括信任、企业家网络)以及专业化分工对家族企业组织演进的影响。
第三,通过对DL集团和温州柳市低压电器企业集群的个案分析使本文的研究具体化和实证化。
第四,针对转轨时期中国家族企业成长所面临的外部市场不发达、社会信任
水平较低以及企业内部治理结构不完善的实际状况,提出了进一步规范政府行为、建立与完善促进我国家族企业健康成长的社会法制环境、外部市场(包括劳动力市场、产品市场、资本市场)环境、社会信任环境和企业内部治理结构(包括经营者的选择和激励约束机制、企业家精神培育)、实施以网络化(重点是集群化)成长模式为依托的中国家族企业发展战略等政策建议。
A remarkable characteristic of economics is the growing up of family business during the economic transition from plan economic system to market economic system in China. Many researches indicate that the sustained and rapid development of family business is one of the important drives ensuring the economy sustained increase in China. At present, the classical framework characterizing with ownership and control is mainly adopted by family business in the phases of throwing in and growing up in China. The researches into development and evolution of classical family business are the imminent problems along with the socialism market economic system is establishing and perfect.
The topic of the dissertation is to study the organization evolution of family business during the economic transition in China, discuss the affecting factors of the organization evolution of family business, so as to supply the theoretic support of the transformation of modern enterprise and networking to prompt family business in China, and then propose the policies and advice to ensure the healthy development of family business in China. The researches are as follows:
Firstly, the development and evolution of family business during the economic transition in China are analyzed including:
①The history of development, main types and the basic characteristics of development and evolution of family business during the economic transition in China are analyzed. The development of family business undergoing three phases, including two main types and family business mainly adopting classic framework characterizing with ownership and control are elucidated. But the transformation of modern enterprise and networking during the economic transition are emerging in some family business.
②The history analysis of family business during the economic transition and the comparison of family business with that in the developed market economy country (US) are made, and some problems on family business, including competition deficiency and restricted innovation system are elucidated. Besides, the basic affecting factors of the organization evolution of family business during the economic transition, including external market, social trust, institution, technology and management capability in family business are elucidated.
Secondly, the basic affecting factors of the organization evolution of family business during the economic transition are analyzed.
①Based on the path of the corporate institution, the effects of politics and legal institutions, external market (including labor market, product market and capital market) and social capital (including trust and entrepreneur network) are analyzed. The labor market emphasized particularly the role of professional managers market in employing managers and realizing the separation of ownership and control is analyzed. The product market emphasized particularly the effect of institutional barriers to entry is analyzed. The capital market emphasized particularly the effect of family business going public is analyzed. The social capital emphasized particularly the effects of trust and entrepreneur network is analyzed.
②Based on the path of networking, the effects of trust, entrepreneur network and specialization division on the evolution of organization of family business network are analyzed.
Thirdly, DL groups and Liushi low-voltage component enterprise clusters in Wenzhou are analyzed, which makes the study more concrete and verifies the theoretical problems.
Fourthly, based on the underdeveloped external market, social trust and the internal governance, some policies and advice ensuring healthy development of family business during the economic transition in China are proposed. The contents of the policies and advice cover standardizing government conduct, establishing and consummating the external market (including labor market, product market and capital market), social trust and internal governance (including mechanism of choice and inspiration & restriction on manager, entreprene
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