股价泡沫的含量及演变:上海证券市场股价泡沫的内在泡沫模型及实证检验
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摘要
泡沫经济是金融开放和金融自由化过程中经常出现的一种经济现象,是产生经济危机的重要根源。泡沫一旦破灭,经济危机就有可能随之而来。1990年的日本,1994年的墨西哥及1997年的东南亚都留下了泡沫经济破灭的累累伤痕。数次金融危机不仅使这几个国家的经济遭受重创,其危害还波及到世界其它国家和地区。股市泡沫是一个国家的经济中的泡沫成分的重要组成部分,分析股市泡沫生成、膨胀和破裂的内在机理,探索及时消除股市泡沫的方法和途径,是进行理论研究、为各类决策者提供决策依据的合理方向。
    本论文建立了描述股价泡沫含量的指标体系,并根据实际资料计算出我国股市各指标的数值。同时将我国资料与部分国家的股市资料进行了横向比较,认为我国股市存在明显的不可忽视的泡沫成分。本论文运用西方经济学、博弈论及信息经济学理论,定性分析了股市泡沫生成的一般性理论原因,指出信息不对称、非理性投资行为、需求矛盾和寡头垄断是产生股市泡沫的几个重要因素。本论文还回顾和评价了有关股市泡沫演变规律的各种理论和模型,并在吸收国内外研究成果的基础上,建立了刻画股票价格波动的内在泡沫模型。该模型所涉及的自变量只有股利这一内生变量,而包括时间、政策、突发状况等外生变量均不对泡沫的含量产生直接作用,因此本模型所刻画的这类泡沫被称作“内在泡沫”。通过对上海股市1997年6月至2001年12月之间的资料进行实证检验,得出了我国股市的确含有由红利或有关红利的信息引起的股市内在泡沫的结论。本论文还讨论了其它有可能引起我国股市泡沫的原因,其中包括:投资者结构、市场操纵行为、政府垄断力量的干预、上市公司质量、信息披露不充分、投资者风险意识差及股权结构不完善等
Bubble economy is a phenomenon frequently occurs in the process of finance opening and an essential factor contributing to financial crisis. Once bubbles burst, financial crisis is quite possible. Stock market bubble is a key component of a country's economic bubble, thus it is important to analyze the developing process of stock market bubble and to find out the method to eliminate harmful bubble component.
    This paper organizes a static index system to measure the bubble component in a stock market and work out the indexes in China's stock market. Compared with the indexes in some other countries' stock market, the data show that there is big bubble component in China's stock market. Using some theories in microeconomic, game theory and information economics, this paper qualitatively analyzes the theoretical causes of stock market bubble and points out that asymmetric information, irrational investing behavior, contradiction between demand and supply as well as duopoly are major factors that result stock market bubble. This paper also sets up an intrinsic bubble model to describe the development of a kind of stock market bubble, which includes only an exogenous fundamental, dividend. Using the data of Shanghai Stock Exchange from June 1996 to December 2001, an empiric tests is done about the intrinsic model. The conclusion is that in China's stock market, there is statistically evident evidence to prove that there is intrinsic bubble caused by dividends or information about dividends. Some other factors may result in stock market bubble in China, such as investors, market manipulation, government intervention, listed company and disclosure of information
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