摘要
随着国内城市化进程的加快，给水系统作为城市最重要的基础设施之一，规模日渐庞大，管网结构也随之复杂起来，给水系统优化调度与管理亟待提上议事日程。在给水系统优化调度与管理中，建模无疑是其核心内容。但由于我国特殊的国情，建模并不能解决我国给水系统目前存在的所有问题，原因之一是管网布置不尽合理。因此，须在理论与实践经验的指导下，对现行给水管网进行必要的调整。在管网调整的基础上，再进行建模，这是解决现有给水系统所面临问题的有效方法。基于此，本论文主要包括以下几个方面的内容：
一、给水系统宏观模型研究
以目前三种宏观模型(不受比例负荷限制的宏观模型、时段宏观模型和理论-经验模型)为出发点，讨论了上述三种模型的优缺点，根据目前我国给水系统的现状，研究了比较
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
切合我国实际情况的时段宏观模型和理论一经验模型，重点
提出了理论一经验模型的改进方法;同时在宏观模型的基础
上，对事故状态宏观模型的建模方法进行了研究，为不同状
态下的给水系统优化调度提供依据。
二、给水系统微观模型研究
讨论了建立给水系统微观模型的方法。主要是对建立微
观模型所需的状态和参数进行了研究，提出了管段管径、管
段摩阻系数和阀门摩阻系数的模拟方法。重点是对阀门开启
度与管网节点水压变化之间的关系进行了研究，并推导出阀
门开启度与节点水压之间关系的灵敏度方程。在给水系统优
化调度中，为调节阀门开启度提供理论依据。
三、给水系统优化调度方法研究
目前的给水系统优化调度模型包括水量预测模型、优化
调度模型和宏观模型三方面的内容。
在水量预测模型中，重点对时间序列预测方法，包括各
种常用的时间序列预测模型和模型优选进行了研究。
优化调度模型中包括直接优化调度模型、多目标直接优
化调度模型和二级优化调度模型。实际上，每种调度模型有
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
其适用范围，在这一部分中，对各种模型的优缺点及模型的
择优进行了研究。
四、给水管网合理布置和测压点布置方法研究
针对我国现状管网的不合理布置，提出了基于节点压力
变化为基础(包括敷设年代较久的旧管网和新敷设管网)的
分区方法。该方法的提出，不仅使给水系统优化调度成为可
能，而且为测压点优化布置提供理论根据。
五、给水管网漏损量控制模型研究
压力控制法是减少供水管网水量损失的最有效方法。在
对管网系统漏损原因分析的基础上，重点提出了以调节节点
压力为基础的管网漏损量控制模型，并对模型的算法进行了
简要分析。
主要创新点:
一、基于现状给水管网布置的不合理性提出了以节点压
力变化为核心的给水管网分区方法;
二、泵站的优化调度仅能在满足管网最不利点水压的前
提下使能耗最低，无法解决管网局部水压太高的问题，而调
节阀门开启度是解决这一问题的有效途径。本内容探讨了影
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
响阀门阻力系数的相关因素，研究了阀门阻力系数的模拟方
法，在此基础上，提出了阀门开启度与节点压力变化之间的
灵敏度方程。
三、建立了管网系统漏损量控制模型。在研究影响管网
漏损量因素的基础上，提出了以管网系统漏损量最小为目标
函数，修正管网节点连续性方程、节点压力变化灵敏度方程
和管网最不利点水头等为约束条件的优化模型。
As the urbanizing process is accelerating in china, the size of water supply system, which is one of the important infrastructures, becomes larger and larger. It is imperative for the water supply system to take measures of optimal dispatch and regulation. In the course of optimal dispatch, however, due to the real situation in China, model creation cannot solve all problems the water supply system is faced with. The irrationality of water supply system layout is the most important reason. So, it is necessary to adjust the existing network layout. Based on these, the thesis includes some contents below:
Study on the macroscopic model in the water supply system
According to three macroscopic models which including the non-restricted proportional loading macroscopic model, the period time macroscopic model and the theory combining experience model in the water supply system, their
characteristics are discussed. On the bases of real situation in China, the main study is focused on the period time macroscopic model and the theory combining experience model, and the good method is set forth which can improve the robust characteristics of theory combining experience model. Simultaneous, the macroscopic model in the water supply system in the accidental state is researched, which provides basis for the water supply system optimal dispatch in the different states.
Study on the microscope model in the water supply system
The method of microscope model creation is researched. The states and the parameters, which are needed during the course of model creation, are simulated, and the simulating methods of some parameters, such as the pipeline diameter, the pipeline roughness coefficient and the valve roughness coefficient, are put forth. It is most important that the relationship between the opening degree of valve and the nodal water head is studied, and the sensitivity function is deduced which provides the basis of valve regulation.
Study on the optimal dispatch method in water supply system
The method of the optimal dispatch in water supply system is studied, which consists of the optimal dispatch model and the
macroscopic model, the direct optimal dispatch model, the multi-object direct optimal dispatch model and two-phase optimal dispatch model.
In the water demand forecast model, the method of analysis of time series is analyzed. In the content, some common forecasting models of analysis of time series and the method of selecting the suitable are studied.
The optimal models include the direct optimal dispatch model, the multi-object direct optimal dispatch model and the two-phase optimal dispatch model. In fact, every model can be used under a certain condition. In this part, the disadvantage and advantage of models is debated and choosing the most suitable is discussed.
Study on water supply system unreasonablity and pressure measurement node layout
On the basis of the unreasonable layout in water supply system, the new dividing district method based on the nodal head change is put forth. The method includes the dividing district of new network and that of the old. The method provides the bases for the optimal dispatch and the layout of pressure measurement node.
Study on the leakage control model in water supply system The causes of leakage in water supply system are analyzed,
a model of leakage control in water supply system based on the adjustment of nodal head is set forth, and the algorithm is studied. As far as water loss in the system is concerned, the model is very significant in theory and reality.
The most important contents focused in this paper:
Based on the unreasonable layout of water supply network, the method of dividing district is set forth.
In the water supply system, the optimal dispatch of pump station only can meet the water head in the most unavailable node. Adjusting the open degree of valve is a kind of effective method to decrease the higher water head in partial water supply system. In this content, the simulating method of valve resistance coefficient
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