摘要
由于烤烟种植区域的地形地貌复杂,气象因子多变,使得烤烟品种的产量和品质在不同年份、不同地区间出现较大的波动性。研究不同烤烟品种的稳定性表现和烟草品种的综合评价,筛选不同地区适宜种植的优良品种,对于实现良种良法配套,充分发挥良种的增产增效潜力具有十分重要的意义,同时还有利于实现全省烤烟品种的区域化布局与合理搭配种植。
本研究以福建省2007年烤烟品种区域试验为基础,对烤烟品种多环境试验进行了联合方差分析,研究了烤烟产量性状的稳定性,采用AMMI模型研究了烤烟内在品质性状的基因型与环境互作效应,采用灰色关联度分析法对各品系的表现对理想品种作关联度分析,并对各参试品种进行了综合评价。研究结果表明:
(1)浦城点数据误差均方与其余五个试点差异大,多数经济性状的样本卡方值较大,样本方差不具同质性。其余五个试点产量、产值、上等烟比例、上中等烟比例、产指的方差具有同质性。
(2)联合方差分析结果显示,各品种的产量、产值、上等烟比例、上中等烟比例和产指在地点间、品种间、品种×地点间均存在着显著或极显著的差异,采用Duncan's新复极差法分别对不同品种间、不同地点间的各效应差异进行了多重比较,明确了优良基因型经济性状的表现位次。F1-35、9804、FL86、C2各主要经济性状表现较好,其中F1-35产量及产值较高,9804上等烟比例、上中等烟比例较高,烟叶质量较好。F05各性状表现均较差。试点表现上看,三明点各主要经济性状均较好,其次为长汀点,龙岩点产量中等,其余经济性状表现较差。
(3)对以上五个经济性状的稳定性进行了测定,明确了各品种的稳定性及其适应范围。品系F1-35经济性状丰产性好,稳定性中等;品系9804产量产值表现中等,上等烟比例和上中等烟比例最高,产值、上等烟比例稳定高;FL86的产值量较高,上等烟比例也较高,各经济性状稳定性较好;F05各主要经济性状丰产性表现较差,稳定性也较差。
(4)基于AMMI模型分析了烟叶各化学成分及比例和烟叶评吸的基因型与环境互作效应,根据显著的交互作用主成分轴计算出Di,对各品种的稳定性大小进行了排序。化学成分上就还原糖而言,各基因型稳定性的排序是:C2＜F1-35＜F05＜CB-1＜B06-8＜9804＜FL86＜B06-3;就总糖而言,各基因型稳定性的排序是:F1-35＜C2＜CB-1＜FL86＜F05＜B06-8＜B06-3＜9804;就氮碱比而言,各基因型稳定性的排序是:FL86＜F1-35＜CB-1＜9804＜F05＜B06-3＜C2＜B06-8;就总钾而言,各基因型稳定性的排序是:9804＜CB-1＜FL86＜B06-8＜C2＜B06-3＜F1-35＜F05。评吸总分上基因与环境互作未有显著差异。
(5)综合分析各品系表现结果:FL86、C2综合表现均较好;9804、F1-35表现中等;B06-8、F05、B06-3表现稍差。
(6)应用灰色关联分析法分析了各参试材料与理想品种之间的关联度,所得分析结论与综合分析所得结论相近。
Due to the complexity of landforms and geographies of tobacco producing areas and also the diversity of climate factors there, the quality and the yield of flue-cured tobacco leaves produced in different areas and in different years with the same varieties could be fluctuated. So it is very important to research the performance for its stability of flue-cured tobacco varieties, screen the suitable and good varieties for different areas, in order to regionalize and optimize the flue-cured tobacco varieties in Yunnan and to actually achieve good quality and good yield the variety potentially could be.
Based on regional trial of flue-cured tobacco varieties done in 2007, joint variance analysis on environment multi-factors affecting the performance of flue-cured tobacco variety has been done. The yield stability of a flue-cured tobacco variety was studied using Eberhart & Russell model, interaction of the genotype and the effect of environment affecting the internal quality of a flue-cured tobacco variety was studied using AMMI model, analysis the correlation between different strains and ideal Cultivar By correlation analysis of grey-system and comprehensively evaluated all the varieties involved in the trial. The results are as follows:
(1)The mean square of error of data in PuCheng have Significant difference to other five locatins. Most economic traits showed bigger value of chi-square test and the variance of sample have no homogeneity of variance in PuCheng. There have homogeneity of variance of yield and value、ratio of high and mid-high grade leaves and output index in those five locations.
(2) Joint variance analyzing results showed the yield and value、ratio of high and mid-high grade leaves and output index were in great significant differences with different location, it was also true between the varieties, and the variety x location, because the interaction between genotype and the environment is commonly existed, it is very important in flue-cured tobacco leaf production to study the stability of a variety. The Duncan's was used to multi-comparatively analyze the difference between the varieties and locations, and confirmed the order of performance in good genotype's economic traits.
(3)The stability of 5 economic traits was tested by Eberhart and Russell regression model, and confirmed the stability and the adaptability scope of each variety. For Strain F1-35 The economic traits is high yield, and the stability is in middle degree; For Strain 9804 , the yield and value Per Mu is in middle degree, the ratio of high and mid-high grade leaves is highest, the stability of the yield and the ratio of high grade leaves is high; For Strain FL86, the yield and value is higher than others, the ratio of high grade leaves is also higher, it's economic traits is more stable; For Strain F05, the yield and stability of every economic traits is not so good.
(4)Interaction between the reduced sugar, the Schmuck's value, the potassium, the chlorine and total score from smoking evaluation of the genotype and the environment was analyzed based on AMMI model; Di was calculated based on the main ingredient axle from significant interaction, the sequence was made according to the stability of the variety from the big to the small.
(5)Comprehensive analysis of these Strains: The comprehensive performance of FL86 and C2 are best; the 9804 and F1-35 are second; The B06-8、F05 and B06-3 are last.
(6)The result is nearly the same between the result of analysis and Comprehensive analysis, from analysis the correlation between different strains and ideal Cultivar By correlation analysis of grey-system .
The study was based on the official variety tests of flue-cured tobacco done in the past several years in FuJian , the study results can be used for the evaluation of flue-cured tobacco variety test and the utilization of a variety reasonably, and provide the theory evidence for the distribution of the variety in tobacco producing areas. Compared with the studies done previously, this paper analyzed the economic indexes, the chemical components, and the smoking evaluation etc important traits, and the results obtained are more complete. The statistical analysis model or method for the variety regional test has been established gradually in this way, and it could be greatly helpful for the future tobacco variety official test, and to establish a statistical analyzing model system for this purpose, that will be very good to scientifically, objectively and comprehensively evaluate the testing material or variety, the evidence obtained will be very useful both by the breeder or by the tobacco variety evaluation commission.
引文
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