摘要
作为国家经济性基础设施一部分的邮政业(Postal utility),以其特殊的不完全市场结构、日益加剧的竞争压力以及难以令人满意的经营绩效而备受国内外研究学者关注。西方发达国家邮政规制改革的理论和实践有着其特殊的社会基础,虽然各国邮政改革与发展的进程不尽相同,邮政业研究的阶段、内容和重点亦各不相同,但共同的研究方向是：以提高邮政效率为中心,围绕打破邮政垄断经营、改革政府规制、构建竞争性市场、建立企业化运营机制等展开。
在经济全球化和信息技术日新月异发展的新形势下,属于传统垄断产业的中国邮政面临着经营效率不高、服务能力弱、产业竞争力低、长期亏损和市场份额逐渐下降等现实问题。与西方国家相比,中国邮政的差异性明显,在中国经济处于新的历史发展时期,研究中国邮政的规制与效率问题,在理论和实践上都具有重要的现实意义。
本文通过理论分析、模型构建和实证检验,剖析了中国邮政的效率状况,探讨了有关邮政规制改革与邮政效率提升策略问题。除绪论以外,全文分为4个部分,主要内容如下：
首先,论文进行了理论与文献综述。概述了国内外学术界对自然垄断行业规制改革研究的历史与现状,总结了有代表性的对垄断产业效率的认识和规制变革的途径,梳理了关于中国邮政规制改革与效率研究成果与存在的问题,指明了本文研究的重点与方向。这些理论为本文提出的基于规制改革背景下的邮政效率提升策略提供了坚实的理论依据。
其次,从垄断业规制理论的创新、放松规制实践、精益化邮政发展趋势等方面探讨了放松规制的背景。在此基础上,剖析了美国、德国与日本三个有代表性的西方国家邮政规制改革模式,概括出西方国家邮政规制改革的共性特征。
再次,论文从投入产出效率的角度,应用数据包络分析(DEA)方法的CCR模型,对中国邮政的相对效率进行实证研究。结果表明,选取的31家DMU样本的DEA有效率为19.35%,DEA非有效率为80.65%,无DEA弱有效企业,说明我国邮政业的总体效率不高,各地区邮政效率差距较大,中西部地区成为制约中国邮政效率的“短板”,还存在很大的改进空间；
在此基础上,分析了近十年来中国邮政市场结构与市场需求发生的根本性变化。应用两阶段固定效应法(TS+FE),研究中国邮政通信市场的现状与问题,探求了邮政通信市场结构与需求关系变化的内在规律与发展趋势对邮政效率的影响效应,从市场需求结构变迁的角度解释了中国邮政“垄断低效”的外部原因,指出适应数字化、信息化、全球化发展趋势,实现传统邮政业的升级换代,是中国邮政发展的必然选择。
接着,论文总结了中国邮政业态的历史发展沿革与产品属性变迁,邮驿与烽火台通信都源于奴隶制国家在政治和军事方面对通信的需要；中国古代民间通信没有国家保障,近代中国邮政丧失了自主权,民国时期国家邮政初成体系,新中国邮政成立以来取得了长足发展；通过邮政业态存在性分析,指出中国邮政既具有垄断业的技术与经济特征,也具有推动经济发展和维护公平的社会特征,并具备长期存在的可能性,这源于全球邮政业需求持续增长、第三方物流发展潜力巨大、新兴邮政业务蓬勃发展、承担的政治任务和社会责任等需求拉动；进一步剖析了中国邮政面临的信息技术、市场开放、机制不灵、长期亏损等带来的挑战,研究了中国邮政改革的最终目标。
最后,从深化邮政规制改革、构建有效的邮政委托--经营关系、实施邮政精益化运作、激发中西部经济不发达地区邮政活力等方面提出了中国邮政效率提升的基本策略,并得出本文的结论。在此基础上,总结了中国邮政效率的状况和根源,进一步探讨了论文需要做出的适当扩展,展望了中国邮政未来发展之路的方向。
Postal utility is a part of economic infrastructure.Because of its in completion market structure, increasing competitive pressure and imperfect performance, postal utility has been gained more concern of scholars from abroad and at home. The theories of public utilities have its special social foundation in western countries. Although the progresses, the contents and the emphases of the western countries postal services development are different, the courses and the focus are the samealike. In order to improve the efficiency of the Post, Most scholars are concerned with the problems such as postal monopoly, government regulation, competitive market structure, modern mechanisms for enterprises, and etc.
Under the circumstances of economic globalization and rapid development of information technology the traditional monopoly of the postal industry in China is faced with some practical problems such as low operational efficiency, weak service ability, low industrial competitiveness, the overall long-term losses, declining market share and etc. China Post's obvious differences compared with Western countries. The economy of our country is placed in special and historic economy transformation period. In this case, study China Post efficient based on the background of government regulatory reform has important meaning in the ories and practicing.
Based on theoretical analysis, model building and empirical testing, analysis of the efficiency of China Post, this dissertation discusses the regulation of the postal reform and postal efficiency strategy. In addition to introduction, the full text is divided into four parts; the main contents are as follows:
First of all, the dissertation makes theoretical and literature review. By providing an overview of the academic view from China and abroad for the natural monopoly industries Regulatory Reform in the Past and the status quo, the dissertation sum up the typical efficiency in the monopoly industry and the ways of regulatory changes, sort out existing problems in the area of China's postal reform and the efficiency of regulation, point out the focus and direction of the study. This dissertation, based on the context of regulatory reform to enhance the efficiency of the postal strategy, provides a solid theoretical basis.
Secondly, from the theory of monopoly regulation of the industry innovation, the practice of Deregulation, Lean and other aspects of development trend, this dissertation explore the background of Deregulation. On this basis, the dissertation analyze Post Regulatory Reform model of three representative Western countries, the United States, Germany and Japan,sum up the common characteristics of postal regulations in the western countries.
Thirdly, the dissertation from the perspective input-output efficiency carry out empirical research of the relative efficiency of postal service in China by applying of data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods CCR model. The results shows that the selected sample of 31 DMU for the DEA efficiency is 19.35%, DEA non-efficiency is 80.65%, no weak DEA efficient enterprises. This research shows that the overall efficiency of the postal industry is not high, there is a large gap, and the western region is "short-board" restricting the efficiency of China Post's, there is great room for improvement; On this basis, the dissertation analyze fundamental changes of market structure and market demand occurred in the past decade in China. The dissertation apply two-stage fixed-effects method (TS+ FE)to study Chinese postal communications market in the past and the status quo, and explore the impact of the efficiency of postal effects on postal communication needs of the relationship between market structure and the inherent law of change and development, explain the external reasons of "inefficient monopoly", pointed out that the adaptation of digital information and globalization, and the upgrading of the traditional Post industry, is an inevitable choice for the development of the industry.
Then the dissertation summarizes the historical development of the postal history, changes of product attributes. The station and beacon towers mail communication come from the needs of political and military communications in the State of slavery; in ancient China there is no national security civil communications; the modern China Post loses the autonomy of the national postal system;in the early period into the new China Post has been made progressive development. Through analysis of the existence of the postal format, the dissertation point out that China Post not only has a monopoly of industry in both technical and economic characteristics, but also has the ability of promoting economic development and characteristics of maintaining of fair society, and the possibility of a long-term existence. This demand comes from the global postal industry continuing grow, the tremendous development potential of third-party logistics, the booming emerging postal services to bear the political task and social responsibility; further analyze long-term challenges faced by the Chinese Post brought by information technology, open markets, a mechanism not working, long-term loss, and research on China's ultimate goal of postal reform.
Finally, the dissertation make the conclusion from the point of deep the reform of the postal regulations, the building an effective-business Post commissioned relations, the implementation of lean operation Post, stimulation vitality of the less developed regions such as the central and western economic regions, put forward China Post's basic strategy, and come to this article conclusions. On this basis, the dissertation further discusses the need to make the appropriate expansion on depth analysis in the efficiency of China Post situation and the causes, and prospect the future development of China Post in the direction of the road.
引文
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