摘要
闽台两地具有深厚的“五缘”文化联结,经济贸易往来由来已久。在全球化与区域经济一体化趋势不断深入发展、两岸关系不断缓和的大背景下,推动闽台制造产业发展新型竞合关系,对于促进两地产业升级,提升国际竞争力具有重要作用;同时,产业的竞合也必将会进一步加强闽台经济文化联系,加速两地经济一体化进程,对于促进两岸统一大业也有深远的意义。本研究的主要目的在于分析闽台两地制造产业的相对竞争优势;同时,在此基础上揭示两地制造业实现竞合发展的空间和前景,并对相关政策举措提出建设性意见。研究方法采用定量与定性、理论与实证结合的方式。通过对传统的双钻石模型进行修正,选取5个产业竞争力要素解构成14个构念并建立量表和问卷,实证分析闽台制造业的总体相对竞争优势;同时在此基础上进一步分析两地制造业的竞合的要素层面、可能发生的业务领域与模式。通过单钻石模型结合竞合价值网络和博弈理论分析的方式,定性分析和揭示闽台制造业在机械、石化、电子三大主导产业,研究其相对竞争优势、竞合的前景与途径。研究结果显示台湾制造业总体上明显强于福建,福建制造业的总体竞争优势在于生产成本、劳动力资源、市场需求和政府的政策支持;台湾的优势主要在管理、技术与服务。由于两地各自存在发展的瓶颈,并且具有优势互补的特点,因此具有发展竞合关系的动力和空间。就具体产业的竞争与合作而言,在福建重点对接台湾的三大产业上,机械产业、电子产业台湾比福建具有竞争优势;而石化行业两地出现两强互补的局面。机械产业中下游产品制造方面福建具有成本优势,但在上游产品的研发设计方面,台湾具备领先地位,因此在产业链上下游之间两地仍然存在合作空间;石化产业上,台湾具有在资金和管理服务方面的优势,同时掌握某些高水平工艺技术。福建具备庞大而成长迅速的市场、充沛的人力资源与坚实的科技基础,因此石化业上两地更可能实现竞合双赢局面;在电子业上,台湾拥有明显的技术优势,但也需要寻求生产制造的代工和研发的合作。两地政府应该在认真分析地区产业的特性与优劣势基础上,制定合适的政策进一步促进闽台制造业进一步发展更深层次的竞合关系,共同促进地区产业竞争力的提升。
There is a deep“WuYuan”cultural relationship between Fujian and Taiwan, and the economic trade between each other has a long history. Promoting the newly competitive and cooperative relationship between the manufacturing of Fujian and Taiwan plays an important part in promoting industrial upgrading and enhancing the international competitiveness of each other in the background of globalization, the integration of regional economy and the relationship between each other is moderated constantly. Simultaneously, the competitive and cooperative relationship between the manufacturing inevitably strengthens the cultural and economic connection and accelerates the process of economic integration between Fuajian and Taiwan, so as to promote the unity of Chinese mainland and Taiwan.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the comparative advantage of the manufacturing of Fujian and Taiwan, and reveal the prospects of competitive and cooperative development between each other and propose some policy suggestions based on the analysis. The methods used in this paper including qualitative and quantitative method, theoretical and empirical analysis. This paper selects five manufacturing competitive factors and fourteen component constructs to design the scale and questionnaire, empirically analyzes the relatively competitive advantage of the manufacturing between Fujian and Taiwan, and further analyzes the elements, possible business field and mode of the competitive and cooperative relationship between the manufacturing between each other by modifying the traditional double diamond model. This paper qualitatively analyzes and reveals the relatively competitive advantage, prospects and approaches in three leading industries including mechanical, petrochemical and electrom based on the combination of single diamond model with value network and cooperative game theory. The results indicate that the manufacturing of Taiwan is more competitive than Fujian. Specifically speaking, the competitive advantages of Fujian’s manufacturing mainly include costs, human resources, demand and the policy support from the local government, but the competitive advantages of Taiwan’s manufacturing mainly include management, technology and service. The competitive and cooperative relationship between Fujian and Taiwan is pomising because the complemenary between advantages and disadvntages of each other. As regard to the three leading industries mentionad above, Taiwan is more competitive in mechanical and electrom than Fujian, but both of two are complementary in petrochemical. Specifically speaking, in mechanical industry, Fujian has cost advantage in producing downstream products, but Taiwan is in leading position in the R&D of the upstream products, so there is roomage between the downstream and upstream products. In petrochemical industry, Taiwan has advantags in capital, management and service, as well as the high level of process the technology, but Fujian has advantages in huge, rapidly growing market, abundant human resources and solid technology base , so both of Fujian and Taiwan may benefit from the competitive and cooperative relationship petrochemical industry. In electrom industry, Taiwan has apparent advantages in technology but also needs to seek cooperation in processing and R&D.
The government of Fujian and Taiwan should formulate appropriate policy to further echance the deep competitive and cooperative relationship in manufacturing and the competitiveness of the industry based on the seriously analyzing on the features, advantages and disadvantages of the industry of each other.
引文
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