摘要
本论文紧跟最近翻译研究中出现的社会学转向的呼声,秉承翻译研究中始终遵循的跨学科性研究精神,着力于翻译的社会学取向的研究,通过借鉴社会学、哲学等其他学科资源,从抽象、宏观的层面论述翻译社会学的制度运行框架,在探讨该制度框架中的几大关键概念——信任、缺省与偶在——的结构及其内在关联中,为翻译研究探寻其作为独立学科的理论合法性。论文主要采用社会学中的新功能主义的分析范式,着重“问题意识”,将功能分析方法与现象学的反思研究方法结合在一起,为将翻译社会学的研究推向深入作出新的尝试。
本论文的基本观点是,翻译是一种在信任、缺省与偶在之三维制度框架中运行的基本的社会现象。具体而言,这一观点可以表述为:翻译作为一种基本的社会现象,根源于信任这一人类活动须臾不可或缺的关键因素,而在文化系统环境下的信任,要求翻译在确保翻译系统缺省认知的情况下,顺应翻译文化规范,而这两者的共同点,即翻译的社会性,则在于偶在,只有正视偶在在翻译文化系统与周围环境的互动中的无所不在的本体作用,才能理解翻译所体现的错综复杂的社会关系。要对这三者组成的抽象的宏观层面进行研究,我们有必要将其集中于翻译社会学中的制度性框架下进行探究,这同时也便于对翻译研究中的阐释学视角与中国文化语境下的母译外——即汉译英——所遭遇的困境进行更好的反思。
论文共分九章,除了第一、七、九三章为论文叙述结构上的开启、过渡、闭合而外,其余六章为论文的主体部分,其中第二、四、五、六等四章为论文主线,阐述翻译制度及其三维架构——信任、缺省与偶在,第三、八两章为论文辅线,论述的是翻译系统,旨在为翻译制度的论述构筑一个平台。主体部分的内容安排也可以理解为:第二至第六章论述的主要是翻译制度,立足于外译母(英译汉),而第八章则主要是对前述制度框架的具体应用,立足于母译外(汉译英),对其在中国文化语境下所面临的困境进行解析。
本论文的理论意义可以概括为:第一、在现有的翻译制度论述的基础上,通过构建翻译制度的三维运作模型,从一个方面为更好地认识翻译制度打下了良好的基础。第二、对长期以来人们习以为常的翻译的社会性这一根本问题进行了理论上的解剖与论证,为翻译的社会性的研究摆脱传统的印象式、走向理论化方面起到了一定的推动作用。第三、上述对翻译的社会性的阐述有助于反思翻译研究中的阐释学视角,尤其是对其倡导的译者的主体性进行理论上的否定。第四、对中国文化语境下的母译外进行了肯定性的理论论证,为中国有关部门在对外翻译与文化交流的战略性决策方面提供理论依据。
总之,本论文试图在批判阐释学派的翻译观的过程中,建构翻译社会学的三维制度性研究框架,通过拓展一套新的翻译概念体系,为翻译研究学科的进一步发展打下扎实的基础。但限于篇幅,意识形态、权力等翻译制度中的重要维度并没有纳入讨论范围,这有待以后对翻译制度的更大范围的拓展研究中进行。
We focus in this dissertation upon the sociologically-oriented approach in translation studies, a close follow-up to the recent call for a sociological turn in the discipline. By drawing on theoretical resources from other disciplines such as sociology and philosophy, we follow the interdisciplinary tradition in translation studies and make an elaboration of the institution of translation from the abstract and macro perspective, focusing on its conceptual network - consisting of trust, default and contingency - and the internal cohesion within this institutional framework for the defense of the theoretical legitimacy of translation studies as an independent discipline. Using the neofunctionalist model of sociology as the main methodological framework, we adopt a problem-solving approach by combining functional and phenomenological analyses in the in-depth integrative researches into the above three key issues in translation studies with the purpose of pushing further the study of the sociology of translation.
The basic argument is that translation is a social phenomenon operating within the institutional framework of trust, default and contingency. Or this view could be specifically paraphrased as follows. As a basic social activity, translation has its root in trust, an indispensable element in any human activity. And this trust, with its location in a specific cultural system, requires translation to conform to the norm of translation culture while guaranteeing a proper cognition of the translational cultural default. With this common ground of sociality, trust and default have their ontological support in contingency. Only by way of a recognition of the omnipresent ontological influence of contingency in the system-environment interaction could we understand the intricate relationship in translation. It is necessary to make a macro and abstract study of this trichotomous framework under the institutional framework of the sociology of translation, which could facilitate our reflection upon the hermeneutic perspective of translation studies and the dilemma of the translation out of the mother tongue in China, that is, Chinese-English translation.
There are altogether 9 chapters. The 1~(st), 7~(th) and 9~(th) chapters are used for the structural cohesion, with the 1~(st) as the introduction, the 7~(th) as the transition and the 9~(th) as the conclusion. All the other chapters make up the main body, with the 2~(nd), 4~(th), 5~(th) and 6~(th) chapters elaborating on the main theme of the institution of translation consisting of trust, default and contingency, and the 3~(rd) and 8~(th) chapters discussing the system of translation, a supplementary theme serving as a platform for the institution of translation. The thematic development can also be understood as progressing sequentially with the major part, covering the 2~(nd), 3~(rd), 4~(th), 5~(th) and 6~(th) chapters, mainly on the institution of translation from the perspective of the translation into the mother tongue, that is, China's English-Chinese translation, while the 8~(th) chapter is mainly on the application of the above institutional framework to the dilemma of the translation out of the mother tongue, that is, China's Chinese-English translation.
The significance of this dissertation can be summarized as follows. First, on the basis of the past study of the institution of translation, we construct a threefold institutional model for the sociology of translation, paving the ground for further relevant institutional study. Second, we make a theoretical elaboration of the sociality of translation, an issue essential to translation but so far taken for granted, which helps to bring its studies out of the traditional impressionistic trap and onto the track of theorization. Third, the above study of the sociality of translation offers an effective theoretical tool for a critique of the prevalent hermeneutic perspective of translation studies, especially its emphasis on the translator's subjectivity. Fourth, the case study of China's exotropic translation offers theoretical support for the strategic management of the relevant Chinese sides in exotropic cultural translation and exchanges.
In a word, this dissertation is an attempt at the construction of a threefold institutional framework for the sociology of translation so as to lay a solid foundation for the further development of translation studies. In the meantime, a series of new translation concepts have been developed and the hermeneutic perspective of translation studies has been critiqued. But due to the limited scope, we have not discussed other important institutional dimensions such as ideology and power, which are left to the more extensive future studies.
引文
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