摘要
渗透注浆因为注浆压力较低、对地层扰动小,所以在注浆工程中广泛应用,尤其在地层沉降控制要求较高的工程中应用较多。但与工程应用相比,渗透注浆理论研究相对滞后,而且因为浆液在受注地层内的运动受多种因素影响,现有注浆理论及经验公式不能准确的指导注浆设计、预测注浆成本和注浆效果。针对渗透注浆理论和注浆工程应用中存在的问题,在前人已有工作的基础上,采用理论分析、物理试验、数值模拟相结合,对渗透注浆扩散理论、渗透注浆效果,以及注浆效果与各影响因素间的定性、定量关系展开探索性研究,具有重要的理论意义和工程意义。
浆液的扩散是渗透注浆理论研究的关键。目前渗透注浆理论研究建立在砂土介质内毛细管道半径相等基础上,并且对牛顿型浆液以外的其他幂律型流体、宾汉姆型流体研究较少。论文以砂土介质内毛细管道半径不相等为理论基础,以达西定律和浆液的球形、柱形扩散理论为指导,对幂律型浆液、宾汉姆浆液的渗透注浆扩散规律进行研究,推导得到注浆压力、受注点水头压力与浆液扩散距离的关系；研究发现有效渗透系数随浆液的扩散逐渐减小,并且得出幂律体浆液的有效粘度随浆液扩散而变化,并与流变参数有关。
对THE Ⅱ固砂剂注浆材料的成分、粒度和粘度等特性进行测试分析,通过可注性评价分析,研究该浆材在沈阳地层中砾砂、粗砂、中砂层的可注性；对固砂剂浆材的强度特性进行了试验研究,并研究了该浆材强度随时间变化的规律。
自行研制了注浆压力易于控制、受注砂层易于模拟、注浆效果易于检测的渗透注浆试验装置。应用此试验装置,采用均匀试验设计,以固砂剂为注浆材料,以沈阳地铁注浆层砂土为受注介质,对渗透注浆进行试验研究。并通过回归分析,得到渗透注浆过程中,注浆压力、地层参数、浆液水灰比同浆液扩散半径、浆液耗用量、结石体强度之间的定量关系；并研究了渗透注浆时,地层参数(渗透系数、孔隙率)、注浆压力和水灰比对浆液的扩散半径、注浆结石体强度、注浆量的影响程度。
采用试验研究结果,对沈阳地铁文-五区间隧道注浆工程进行设计。应用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,结合时间对结石体强度的影响规律,对注浆方案下隧道开挖的稳定性进行预测。并通过对实际工程中的注浆工程进行检验和对施工过程进行监测分析,认为以试验结果为依据进行注浆设计是科学合理的；同时,监测结果与数值计算结果表明应用FLAC3D对注浆后工程开挖稳定性进行预测分析是可行的。
Permeation grouting is widely applied in grouting engineering, especially in the engineering with high requirement of ground settlement for its low grouting pressure and little disturbance to stratum.However, permeation grouting theory is lagging behind compared with engineering, and the theoretical formula now available can't exactly guide the grouting engineering design and predict cost and effect of grouting because that grout permeating in stratum is affected by many factors. Aimed at the problems of permeation grouting theory and grouting engineering and based on others' research,it is of important theory significance and engineering significance to carry out research on the grout diffusing theory, grouting effects and the qualitative and quantitative relations between grouting effects and the factors affecting grouting effects.
Grout diffusing research is pivotal to permeation grouting theory research. Existing permeation grouting theory is based on which radiuses of the capillary in sandy strata are equal, moreover,Power-law non-Newtonian fluid and Bingham fluid are seldom studied. Based on which radiuses of the capillary in sandy strata are not equal, guided by permeating law of Darcy and grout diffusing theory of sphere and cylinder, the grout diffusing law of Power-law fluid grout and Bingham fluid grout are studied and the relationship between grouting pressure and grout diffusing radius is studied.Moreover, it is found that effective permeability coefficient decreases with grout spreading and effective viscosity coefficient varies with grout spreading depending on rheological parameter.
The component, particle size and viscosity of THE Ⅱ sand consolidation agent are tested and the groutability of the grout material in gravel sand strata, coarse sand strata and medium sand strata of Shenyang strata,is studied. The specimens' strength characteristics of grout material, sand consolidation agent, are tested and strength depend on time is studied.
Permeation grouting experiment devices are independently manufactured with characteristics of controlling grouting pressure easily, simulating sandy strata grouted easily and detecting grouting effect easily. Using uniform design, the sand consolidation agent, as grouting material,spreading in Shenyang sandy strata is tested with these experiment devices. The quantitative relations between grouting factors(grouting pressure, strata parameters, grout ratio of water-cement) and grouting effects(grout spreading radius,gell strength, grout amount) are got with regression analysis and the influence degree of grouting factors on grouting effects are studied.
The grouting engineering in wen-wu tunnel of Shenyang subway is designed according to experiment research result. The excavating stability of the tunnel reforced on pregrouting project designed to be numerically simulated with FLAC3D software is forecasted taking combined with the rule of gell strength depend on time.Moreover,it is reasonable to perform grouting design depended on research results by detecting the grouting effects of grouting engineering and analyzing of monitoring date of the tunneling progress, and it is feasible to forecast the stability of tunnel excavating with FLAC3D by comparing monitoring results with numerical simulation results.
引文
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