摘要
角向磨光机的工作环境复杂,由于机械冲击、过载、电动机等发热体散热不畅等原因,都对角磨的工作可靠性和安全性有重要的影响,影响了角磨的正常使用。我国的电动工具行业起点低、设计方法落后,在实际工作中常出现停机冷却时间过长、电动机易受损坏等问题,严重的制约了我国电动工具行业的发展。为此,结合国家自然科学基金,编号为50705083和实际要求,本文以角向磨光机为例,对其散热性能和对灰尘的防止与排出性能进行了深入的研究,开展了角向磨光机多学科相结合的优化设计等研究工作。
全文共分六章,第一章阐明了课题研究背景及其意义,系统地总结了国内外在多学科设计优化的研究工作,总结了灵敏度分析方法和代理模型的现状,确定了本文的主要研究内容；第二章对多学科设计优化进行了论述；第三章对角向磨光机进行三维建模,仿真分析了其散热性能和对灰尘的防止与排出性能,确定了对性能影响较大的设计变量；第四章论述了灵敏度分析法,并对各子学科的设计变量进行灵敏度分析,确定对各子系统影响较大的设计变量；第五章在系统级分析的基础上构造目标函数,运用代理模型技术,分析对比三种代理模型,确定精度最高的一种方法,用遗传算法寻找全局最优解；第六章作为本文的结尾,对整篇文章进行了总结,并提出下一步研究工作的展望。
For the complex working condition of the angle grinder, many factors may affect the operation reliability and safety about the angle grinder, such as mechanical shock, overload and the poor heating flow. As domestic manufacturing industry of electricity tools started late, the starting point is low, and the design method is backward. During practical using, it often occurs that the cooling down time is too long; the motor is vulnerable to damage.To the end, in conjunction with national natural science foundation of China and the practical requirements. This thesis studies the performance of heat dissipation and dust of angle grinding machine, and carries out relevant research about the multidisciplinary design optimization.
This thesis includes six chapters. Chapter one presents the research background and significance of the topic and sums up the research work about the MDO at home and abroad and the work of sensitivity analysis and surrogate models. And at last it makes the main research content of this thesis; Chapter two discusses the working steps to MDO. Chapter three builds 3-d model of angle grinder, and do the simulation analysis to its thermal and dust performance to identify the design variables which have greater influence. Chapter four discusses the methods of sensitivity analysis; analyze the design variables of sub-disciplines to determine the important impact factors. Chapter five, objective function is constructed based on system level analysis, then applied the surrogate model, analysis three models, determine the most accurate model, and search the global optimal solution of this models with genetic algorithm. Chapter six makes the conclusion and gives research work of the next step.
引文
[1]李邦协.实用电动工具手册.北京：机械工业出版社,2001,117-122
[2]郑开济.电动角向磨光机的机理与使用.电动工具,2001(4)
[3]上海电动工具研究所.电动工具标准汇编.北京：中国标准出版社,2002
[4]张耀斌.浅谈串激电动机转子温升,http://www.cnki.net
[5]唐力华.电动工具运行中的发热过程及其绕组温升的测量.现代测量与实验室管理,2006(4)：13-14
[6]陈亚生.电动工具的散热系统.中华人民共和国：ZL200620069355.7,2007-3-28
[7]章巧芳,董新涛,彭伟,姜献峰.角向磨光机冷却风道散热性能的有限元分析.第四届中国CAE工程分析技术年会论文集.北京：中国力学年会,2008
[8]M.Li, N.Williams, S.Azarm. Interval Uncertainty Reduction and Single-Disciplinary Sensitivity Analysis with Multi-Objective Optimization. Journal of Mechanical Design,2009,131
[9]Achille Messac. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization. Aircraft Technology and Operations,1996,12
[10]王书河,何麟书.飞行器多学科设计优化概述.宇航学报.,2004,25(6)697-700
[11]王书河,何麟书,任艳荣.一种快速的飞行器布局方案优选方案.宇航学报,2011,22(4)：76-80
[12]余雄庆,丁运亮.多学科设计优化算法及其在飞行器设计中应用.航空学报,2000,21(1)：1-6
[13]黄海燕,王德禹.基于灵敏度多学科优化设计变量的模糊分析.上海交通大学学报,2009,43(8)：1327-1331
[14]Krishnan Suresh, Size, Material, and Shape Sensitivities of Boundary Value Problem:A Primer, Technical Report,2007.3
[15]Jack.P. C.Kleijnen, sensitivity analysis of simulation models, http://center.uvt.nl/state/kleijnen/
[16]薛冰洋.汽车座椅灵敏度分析及其结构优化的研究[硕士学位论文].吉林：吉 林大学,2008
[17]Wang S, Wang M. Radial basis functions and level set method for structural topology optimization. Interational Journal of Numerical Method for Engineering,2006,65:2060-2090
[18]Wang M, Wang X M, Guo D M.A level set method for structural topology optimization. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2003, 192:227-246
[19]张德欣,江允正,蔡謇.形状优化的全解析敏度分析.应用数学和力学,2001,22(11)：1193-1200
[20]Allaire G, Jouve F, Toader A M. Structural optimization using sensitivity analysis and a level-set method. Journal of Computational Physics,2003, 194:363-393
[21]龙凯,左正兴.热结构稳态响应下的敏度分析方法和形状优化.机械工程学报,2008,43(8)：72-76
[22]Yang R J. Shape design sensitivity analysis of thermo elasticity problem. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1993,102:41-60
[23]Sankara H G, Krishnan S. Exploiting Shape Similarity in Engineering Analysis. Proceedings of Design Engineering Technical Conference,2006
[24]Cho S, Choi KK. Design sensitivity analysis and optimization of non-linear transient dynamics, Part Ⅰ-sizing design. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2000,48(3):351-375
[25]Cho S, Choi KK. Design sensitivity analysis and optimization of non-linear transient dynamics, Part Ⅱ-configuration design. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2000,48(3):375-399
[26]A.Balbas, E.Galperin, P.Jimenez Guerra. Sensitivity of Pareto Solutions in Multiobjective Optimization. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 2005,126:247-264
[27]A.Balbas, E. Galperin, P. Jimenez Guerra. Sensitivity in Multi-objective Programming under Homogeneity Assumptions. Journal of Multicriteria Decision Analysis,1999.8:133-138
[28]张丹,张卫红,李付国.基于数值模拟的形状优化方法在冒口设计中的应用.铸造,2004,53(2)：129-132
[29]梁森,仪垂杰,郭健翔,Michael Yu Wang.各向异性结构动态特性拓扑优化设计的敏度分析.青岛理工大学学报,2008,29(3)：1-9
[30]穆雪峰,姚卫星,余雄庆,刘克龙,薛飞.多学科设计优化中常用代理模型的研究.计算力学学报,2005,22(5)：608-612
[31]王小妮.基于代理模型的结构外形优化.飞机设计,2008,28(3)：13-15
[32]GIUNTA A A. Aircraft multidisciplinary design optimization using design of experiments theory and response surface modeling methods. Blacksburg Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,1997
[33]BOOKER A J, DENNIS J E, FRANK P D. A rigorous framework for optimization of expensive functions by surrogates. Structural Optimization,1999, 17:1-13
[34]SIMPSON T W, PEPLINSKI J D, KOCHET P N. Metamodels for Computer-based Engineering Design:Survey and recommendations. Engineering with Computers,2001,17:129-150
[35]曾会华,余雄庆.基于代理模型的气动外形优化.航空计算技术,2005,35(4)：84-87
[36]QUEIPO N V, HAFTKA R T, SHYY W, et al. Surrogate-based analysis and optimization. Progress in Aerospace Sciences,2005,41:1-28
[37]Yolanda Mack, Tushar Goel, Wei Shyy, Raphael Haftka. Surrogate Model-Based Optimization Framework:A Case Study in Aerospace Design. Studies in Computational Intelligence,2007,51:323-342
[38]龙腾,刘莉,孟令涛,朱华光.基于代理模型的翼型多目标集成优化设计.系统仿真学报,2010,22(7)：1064-1068
[39]Yolanda Mack, Tushar Goel, Wei Shyy. Multiple surrogates for the shape optimization of bluff body-facilitated mixing.43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada,2005.
[40]谷海涛,林扬,胡志强,俞建成.基于代理模型的水下滑翔机机翼设计优化 方法.机械工程学报,2009,45：7-14
[41]Benjamin Wilson, David J.Cappelleri, Timothy W.Simpson, Mary I.Frecker. Efficient Pareto Frontier Exploration Using Surrogate Approximations.8th AIAA/USAF/NASA/ISSMO Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, September 6-8,2000, Long Beach, CA, AIAA
[43]王凌,吉利军,郑大钟.基于代理模型和遗传算法的仿真优化研究.控制与决策,2004,19(6)：626-630
[44]王晓锋,席光.基于Kriging模型的翼型气动性能优化设计.航空学报,2005,26(5)：545-549
[45]余雄庆,姚卫星,薛飞,穆雪峰,刘克龙,黄爱凤.关于多学科设计优化计算框架的探讨.机械科学与技术,2004,23(3)：286-289
[46]Balling R J, Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J. Optimization of coupled system s:A critical Overview of Approaches. A IAA Journal,1996,34 (1):6-17
[47]Wujek B A, Renaud J E, Batill S M.A concurrent approach for multidisciplinary design in a distributed computing environment. Proceedings in Applied Mathematics,1997, (80):189-208
[48]钟毅芳,陈柏鸿,王周宏.多学科综合优化设计原理与方法.武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2006
[49]Tappeta R V, Renaud J E. Multi-objective collaborative optimization. A SM E Journal of Mechanical Design,1997 (3):403-411.
[50]张静,刘永均,李柏林.多学科设计优化耦合复杂性的研究进展.机械设计及制造,2010,10：217-219
[51]Arsham H. Perturbation Analysis of General L P Models:A Unified Approach to Sensitivity Parametric Tolerance and more-for-less Analysis. Mathematical and Computer Modelling,1990,12:1437-1446.
[52]Sander Greenland. Sensitivity Analysis, Monte Carlo Risk Analysis, and Bayesian Uncertainty Assessment. Society for Risk Anaylsis,2001.21:579-583
[53]廖兴涛基于代理模型的汽车碰撞安全性仿真优化研究[硕士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学,2006
[54]Chen W, Tanaka M.New Insight Boundary-only and Domain-type RBF Methods Int.J Nonlinear Sci&Numer Simulation,2000,1(3):145-151
[55]Hans Bruun Nielsen.Surrogate Modeling by Kriging,http://www.imm.dtu.dk/-hbn
[56]E.S.Siah, T.Ozdemir, J.L.Volakis, P.Papalambros, R.Wiese.Fast Parameter Optimization Using Kriging Metamodeling, IEEE,2003,0-7803-7846-6/03
[57]陶文铨.数值传热学.西安：西安交通大学出版社,2008：1-5,332-349
[58]P.Brawshaw.T.Cebeci.J.H.Whitelaw, Engineering Calculation Methods for Turbulent Flow, Academin Press,1981
[59]王福军.计算流体动力学分析.北京：清华大学出版社,2008：113-135
[60]李凯,付志强,张若青.基于Pro/E的参数化建模方法及比较.机电信息,2010(12)：194-195
[61]徐燕飞.电器设备中元器件通风散热数值模拟与实验研究[硕士学位论文].西安：西北工业大学,2006
[62]毛在砂.颗粒群研究：多相流多尺度数值模拟的基础.过程工程学报,2008,8(4)：645-659
[63]Jia X Q, Wen J P, Feng W, et al. Local Hydrodynamics Modeling of a Gas-Liquid-Solid Three-phase Airlift Loop Reactor. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2007,46(15):5210-5220.
[64]Soren N.Lophaven, Hans Bruun Nielsen, Jacob Sondergaard. DACE A MATLAB Kriging Toolbox. Technical Report IMM-TR,2002,12
[65]王艳芹,张维.基于MATLAB的RBF神经网络建模及应用.大庆师范学院学报,2007,27(2)：118-120
[66]刘克龙.面向MDO的结构形状优化方法研究[硕士学位论文].南京：南京航空航天大学,2004
[67]陈秋莲,王成栋.基于Matlab遗传算法工具箱的优化计算实现.软件技术,2007,2：124-126