摘要
“西气东输”工程的投资建设，标志着我国的燃气事业进入了一个发展的高峰期，同时也对我国的燃气工程技术水平提出了更高的要求。城市燃气管网在城市燃气输配系统中占有重要的地位，通常它的一次性投资很大，如果能够对之进行优化，将可以获得很大的经济和社会效益。
经查阅国内外的研究动态，借鉴前人的工作经验，本文将遗传算法应用于城市燃气管网的优化。进行管网的优化离不开管网的水力计算，经分析前人对燃气管网水力计算中各种算法的比较，本文采用解节点方程法进行管网平差计算，并且将自编的水力计算子程序应用于计算实例，所得水力计算结果与资料上的结果进行比较，表明该水力计算子程序是可靠的。
在遗传算法的使用中，本文借鉴前人的工作经验，采用的是经改进的遗传算法，重点对管网的管径进行优化。由于目前尚无合理选择遗传算法运行参数的理论依据，本文根据所研究问题的特点，对所采用的遗传算法进行了参数分析，为该算法应用于本研究领域提供了参数取值范围的参考。本文将遗传算法应用于一个模拟的工程实例的优化中，结果表明，应用遗传算法所得设计方案要比传统设计方法所得方案节省管网造价。
That west-east gas transmission project has been invested in and constructed indicates that Chinese gas industry is being in a developing peak period and requests a higher level of gas engineering technology. Urban gas network is a very important part of urban gas distribution system, generally speaking, its early investment is enormous and considerable economic and social benefit will be obtained if the networks could be optimized.
Through consulting internal and external research development and drawing on the experience of predecessors, this paper applies genetic algorithms to optimization of urban gas networks. Optimizing gas networks needs hydraulic calculations, based on analysis of comparing between various algorithms concluded by predecessors, this paper adopts a method of solving node-equations for hydraulic calculations, and a program for hydraulic calculations written by the author has been used in examples, the program is proved to be credible comparing the results with that given by the reference data.
Drawing on the experience of predecessors, this paper adopts an improved genetic algorithms and concentrate on optimizing pipe diameters. Since there isn't theoretic proof for reasonably choosing genetic algorithms' operation parameters, this paper carries out a parameter analysis of genetic algorithms according to characteristics of the investigated task and brings forward the recommended range of parameters for this field. Based on above analyses, this paper applies genetic algorithms to an engineering example and the results show that plan which adopts genetic algorithms could save cost of urban gas networks compared to the conventional ones.
引文
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