摘要
喷墨打印技术正在随着数字化、彩色化以及扫描器等图像输入机器的发展向彩色图像印刷、办公及家庭逐步普及,彩色喷墨打印的需求量有明显增加。彩色喷墨打印机以年均增长率19%的速度持续增长,喷墨打印相纸等耗材的增长更是惊人,2007年国内市场总量接近1亿平米,是发展最快的领域。在喷墨打印技术发展的过程中,人们意识到喷墨打印接收介质对喷墨打印质量起着关键作用,当液体墨滴接触到纸张表面时,它的扩散形态对图像分辨率有着较大的影响,吸墨能力、吸墨速度等均是影响图像打印质量主要原因,这也是喷墨技术发展过程中的主要问题。目前微孔型喷墨相纸吸墨颜料主要以氧化铝为主,以二氧化硅为吸墨颜料制作的喷墨打印相纸具有表面硬度高,抗划伤性能好和成本低的优点,但也有表面易开裂,涂布液粘度高等缺点,影响硅颜料喷墨相纸的生产应用。
本论文首先对二氧化硅及其它无机颜料的吸墨性能进行了研究,对不同比表面积的二氧化硅的吸墨性和涂层表观性能进行了试验研究,确定了二氧化硅吸墨颜料的应用方式。研究了二氧化硅分散和二氧化硅表面染料固色所涉及的分散剂类型、分散方法和分散液的稳定性。实验结果显示,体系PH=3.5左右时粒子表面的电荷密度最高,粒子间产生最大的静电斥力,二氧化硅分散浆料具有最佳的分散性。在阳离子分散剂PDADMAC存在下,采用高速搅拌与分散后,使用转子-定子分散机,能够获得理想的分散液。
本论文研究了PVA粘合剂聚合度及用量对喷墨相纸涂布液及涂层性能和产品吸墨性能的关系,研究显示,PVA133用量为1.5%时,涂层防开裂性、吸墨性较好,色彩鲜艳,图像清晰。研究比较了多种交联剂与PVA的交联情况,实验选择了硼酸作为交联剂,研究了其对喷墨相纸的耐水性和抗划伤性能的影响。
本论文对不同固色剂的墨水染料固色能力进行了比较,确定了聚丙烯酸酯类和聚氨基胍类固色剂混合应用的技术路线,相纸的图像防水固色性和墨水适应性通过测试墨迹流出和图像老化洇渗情况进行了确认。
通过对相纸涂层涂布液的参数与涂布工艺的研究,发现涂布液粘度与二氧化硅含量、粘合剂用量和有机醇类溶剂的加入量有关,实验选择了适合涂布要求的粘度范围。试验研究了干燥温度对相纸耐水性能的影响,结果显示干燥温度在80～90℃时,涂层的耐水性、抗划伤性和防开裂性能最好。
本论文研究的喷墨相纸配方经在乐凯公司试验生产线涂布试验,涂布液的粘度、表面张力、涂布温度、干燥温度等参数适应设备要求,涂布样片涂层厚度等符合性能要求。
最后对本论文制作的彩色喷墨相纸经各项指标测试检验,在相纸表观、吸墨性能、固色性能、色密度、相纸及图像老化性能均满足使用要求,达到喷墨打印相纸的各项质量要求。
With development of digital colorful equipments, Ink-jet printing technology was spreading towards offices and families. The demand for colorful ink-jet printing was increasing obviously. Colorful ink-jet printers were increasing at the rate of 19% per year. The increase of consumption on ink-jet materials such as ink-jet printing paper was striking, in 2007 the domestic market capacity was about 100 million square meters. During the development of ink-jet printing technology, ink-jet printing media was realized to affect the ink-jet printing quality considerably. When liquid ink drops contacted the surface of the paper, the disperse shape of the ink drops made great affection on image definition. The ability and the speed of ink absorption were the main reasons affecting the printing image quality, and they were also the main problems in the ink-jet printing technology. The ink absorption media of porous ink-jet printing paper was Al_2O_3 normally at present. The ink-jet printing paper with SiO_2 as ink absorption media had the advantages of high surface hardness, excellent anti-scratch performance and low cost, but it also had some disadvantages such as the surface crack and high coating viscosity, these affected the application of SiO_2 to some extent.
The ink absorption property of SiO_2 and other inorganic pigments, ink absorption performances of SiO_2 with different specific surface area and the surface properties of ink-jet printing paper were discussed. The application method of SiO_2 was decided. The dispersing agents, dispersing method and the stability of silica aqueous dispersion were discussed. It turned out that when pH was about 3.5 the electrostatic repulsion between particles was highest because the particles had the highest surface charge density. The optimum dispersion was obtained using cationic dispersing agent PDADMAC.
The relation between degree of polymerization and the content of PVA and the ink-jet printing coating properties were discussed. It turned out that when PVA content was 1.5%, the anti-scratch and ink absorption properties were acceptable, the image color was vivid, and the image was clear. The cross linking reactions between PVA and some cross linkers were compared, and H_3BO_3 was selected as cross linker to discuss the affection on the anti-water and anti-scratch properties of ink-jet printing paper.
Fixing ability of some fixing agents on ink dyes were compared and the application of mixture of different polymers was decided. Fixing and anti-water properties of the ink-jet printing paper were confirmed by image bleeding and ink outflow test.
During the research of the coating parameters and coating technique, it was discovered that coating viscosity was related to the content of SiO_>2, PVA and solvent. The suitable coating viscosity range was ascertained. The affection of dry temperature on paper's anti-water property was discussed, it turned out that the anti-water, anti-scratch and anti-crack properties of ink-jet printing paper were optimum when dry temperature was 80～90℃.
After coating with equipment of Lucky film company using the recipe ascertained by the researches in this paper, it was verified that main parameters such as coating viscosity, surface tension, coating temperature and dry temperature met the equipment demand.
After various test, it turned out that surface circumstance, ink absorption, fixing properties, degradation and color density could satisfied the using demand.
引文
[1]范竹滔.发展迅速的数字影像[J].成都纺织高等专科学校学报,2006(1):50-60.
[2]数字影像:有市场无产业[N].中国信息报2003年5月29日.
[3]打印机发展历史http://hi.baidu.com/zhou58rui/blog/item/d28ba451b88d592542a75b26.html
[4]戴忠国,张美云.喷墨打印及其专用纸[J].西北轻工业学院学报,2002,20(2):79-83.
[5]戴忠国,张美云.彩色喷墨打印纸的涂布化学品[J].纸和造纸,2002,(3):48-49.
[6]吴克平.喷墨打印技术与喷墨打印纸[J].上海造纸,2001,32(2):25-33.
[7]廉望荣.喷墨打印纸及其技术动向[J].西南造纸,1999,(3):10-13.
[8]张美云,戴忠国,林涛.涂布彩喷纸涂料的选择[J].中国造纸学报,2003(增刊)
[9]白杉,周洁,王淑萍.彩色喷墨打印纸的发展与应用[J].中国造纸,2003,22(5):64-65.
[10]李津.彩色喷墨打印墨水的市场和技术[J].影像技术,2001,(2):54-55.
[11]栾湘梅.乐凯系列喷墨打印墨水—水基染料墨[J].感光材料,2000,(4):26-29.
[12]陈梅,苗蔚荣,叶青.彩色喷墨打印用墨水[J].辽宁化工,1999,(5):25-28.
[13]陈朝.彩色喷墨打印耗材的国产化进程[J].影像技术,2001,(3):48-50.
[14]李津,冀国华.彩色喷墨打印墨水的市场和技术[J].影像技术,2001,(2):54-55.
[15]白杉,周洁.彩色喷墨纸的发展状况[J].湖北造纸,2002,(4):13-15.
[16]奎明红,陈玲红.浅谈喷墨相纸的发展与技术进步[J].造纸科学与技术.2006,25(2):47-57.
[17]白杉,周洁.彩色喷墨打印纸涂层技术研究[J].中国造纸,2003,22(2):49-52.
[18]薛德文,吴克平.喷墨打印技术与喷墨打印纸[J].办公设备技术与信息,2001,(1):25-33.
[19]吴国光.空隙型喷墨打印光泽的开发[J].影像技术,2002,(4):56-58.
[20]王玉丰,黄红生.彩色喷墨打印纸性能研究[J].中国造纸,2005,24(9):74-75.
[21]徐善浩,陈志春.高光喷墨打印纸涂层材料研究[J].上海造纸,2006,37(1):39-42.
[22]廖建军.高无光泽喷墨打印纸和有光泽喷墨打印纸耐水性的改善[J].造纸化学品, 2004,(1):46-48.
[23]吴国光.关于开发照相级喷墨打印纸的探讨[J].天津造纸,2004,(3):21-23.
[24]吕洪娜,陈光民.关于提高彩色喷墨打印纸吸墨涂层特性的探讨[J].影像技术,2002,(2):47-49.
[25]陈立刚,吴国光.关于研发照相级喷墨打印记录材料的探讨[J].影像技术,2003,(3):47-50.
[26]王进,陈克复.纳米级二氧化硅在彩色喷墨打印纸涂料中的应用[J].中国造纸,2005.24(1):6-9.
[27]徐善浩,陈志春.纳米填料对高光彩喷墨纸涂层材料性能的影响[J].造纸科学与技术,2006,25(2):20-23.
[28]黄红生,陆建辉.数码彩色喷墨打印纸用涂料的研究进展[J].精细与专用化学品,2004,12(22):6-8.
[29]刘艳新,赵传山.提高喷墨打印纸涂层抗水性的方法[J].上海造纸2004,35(1):32-35.
[30]丁钦英,陈光民.微孔型二氧化硅在彩色喷墨打印纸中的应用技术[J].影像技术,2002,(2):44-56.
[31]奎明红.阳离子添加剂对喷墨纸涂料流动性、涂层外观和打印效果的影响[J].造纸化学品,2005,(4):47-51.
[32]刘小闹,司占军.颜料粒子大小和比例对光泽喷墨打印纸涂层适印性的影响[J].国际造纸,2005,24(5):32-36.
[33]赖兴强,张育川.吸墨剂二氧化硅的制备及其在喷墨打印中吸墨性能的研究[J].北京化工大学学报,2003,30(3):51-54.
[34]张莹,陈蕴智.改良型喷墨打印纸用涂料的研究发与利用[J].中国造纸,2006,25(2):38-42.
[35]石红梅,影像输出耗材产品及技术现状[J].影像材料,2004,(1).
[36]庞能发.彩色喷墨打印原纸的研发与生产[J].上海造纸,2006,37(5):29-31.
[37]刘景春,韩建成.跨世纪高科技材料纳米SiO2的应用领域[J].化工新型材料,1998,(7):3-6.
[38]Novotny V.Application of nonaqueous colloids[J].Colloids and Surfaces.1987,(24):361-364.
[39]Lee B I,Rives J P.Dispersion of alumina powders in nonaqueous media[J].Colloids and Surfaces.1991,(56):25-27.
[40]Lange F F.Powders processing science and technology for increased realiability [J].J Am Geram Soc.1989,72(1):3-15.
[41]Bowen H K.Basic research needs on high temperature ceramics for energy applications[J].Mater Sci Eng.1980,44(1):1-56.
[42]邢欣,谢凯,盘毅.纳米陶瓷微粉的表面性能研究进展[J].材料导报,2000(8):41-42.
[43]吴敏,程秀萍,葛明桥.纳米SiO2的分散研究[J].纺织学报,2006,27(4):80-82.
[44]E.D.柯亨,E.B古塔夫编,赵伯元译.现代涂布干燥技术[M].中国轻工业出版社.
[45]Hyun Kook Lee,Margaret K Joyce,Panl D Fleming.The Use of Fumed Metallic Oxides in Coatings for Photo Grade Ink Jet Papers[C].TAPPI Coating Conference Proceedings.Florida:Orlando,2002.2
[46]张丽惠.硅烷在喷墨打印纸涂层中的应用研究[J].信息记录材料,2007.8(2).