摘要
飞秒激光问世以来,得益于其高峰值功率和高时间/频率分辨能力,已成为物理、化学、生物等学科和领域的重要研究手段和实验工具。不断深入的研究工作则要求超短激光技术继续朝着更短的脉冲持续时间和新的激光波段发展,这一般可通过飞秒激光同物质的非线性相互作用得到。其中,当强飞秒激光脉冲在许多气体介质中传输时,在非线性克尔自聚焦效应和等离子体散焦等效应的共同作用下,能形成长等离子体通道(光丝)。在这种通道中,激光与介质-等离子体之间存在着很强的非线性作用,使入射激光的时空特性受到强烈调制,可产生超连续白光、三次谐波、脉冲自压缩、THz辐射等现象。
本论文的工作基于等离子体通道对飞秒强激光的调制作用,在三次谐波产生和光谱展宽两个方面开展研究。利用非共线等频双光束在气体中聚焦诱导形成等离子体通道,当两束等频激光在等离子体通道中满足时空交汇时,利用其交叉相位调制和分子取向等效应,在N_2气、空气中Ar气和均获得了三次谐波的增强,还在单光束条件下实现了近红外/紫外激光在Ar气中的光谱展宽,这种等离子体通道中三次谐波和频谱展宽的方法为紫外波段超短脉冲产生提供了一种有效途径:在UV和NIR双色激光场的条件下又使紫外脉冲光谱的得到进一步展宽,为该波段大能量紫外超短脉冲的获得提供有力支持。
本论文的主要工作包括:
1.等离子体通道中的三次谐波增强效应研究
当泵浦光功率较高时,气体中单光束成丝产生的三次谐波信号将演化为轴向光斑和环状结构,其饱和效率约为10~(-4)。在单光束成丝三次谐波产生的基础上,引入第二束飞秒强激光,将两束等频激光非共线聚焦到气体样品中分别成丝,通过改变双光束的时间延迟和背景气压对双光束三次谐波产生进行操控,发现当两束激光在等离子体通道中满足时空交汇条件时,实验中出现了显著的三次谐波增强,其中,Ar气中可实现离轴无背景三次谐波辐射。而N_2气和空气中的谐波增强则出现在轴向,同时N_2中光谱宽度得到很大加宽(从66THz增宽至100THz)。显示了其在紫外超短脉冲获得方面的潜在价值。
2.等离子体通道中的光谱展宽研究
分析了飞秒强激光在气体介质中成丝展宽的一般机制,研究了激光能量和聚焦条件对成丝展宽的影响,获得的展宽趋势对实验工作有一定指导意义,并开展了Ar气中红外和紫外波段激光成丝展宽的实验研究。在红外波段获得了底宽从200nm～1100nm的超连续白光;在紫外波段则使激光谱宽由6.3THz增长至13.8 THz。
为使大能量的紫外脉冲获得更显著的展宽,本论文中使用基频光和三倍频紫外光源在Ar气中共线成丝,利用交叉相位调制的影响,通过调节双光束时间延迟和背景气压,使紫外脉冲的光谱获得进一步展宽(从6.3 THz加宽至26.7THz)。
Due to its high peak power and high time/frequency resolution, femtosecond laser has become an important tool in physics, chemistry, and biology. The ultrafast laser technology is expanding to new waveband as well as to a less during time. When high intensity laser pulses propagate in many gases, due to the interplay between the Kerr self-focusing and plasma defocusing effect, long plasma filament would be formed. The temporal-space property of the laser pulses would be strongly modulated in the filament, thus leads to the generation of super continuum, third harmonic, THz radiation and pulse self-compression.
This thesis is based on the modulation effect between the plasma filament and the laser pulse, and is composed by two aspects, the enhancement of TH and spectra broadening. The enhancement of TH in air, argon and nitrogen was achieved when focusing dual femtosecond laser beams of the same frequency into the gas ceil, and the two pulses are overlapped both in time and space. The enhancement in molecule gases was also effected by the cross-phase-modulation of the two pulses and the delayed Raman effect in the gas. This method provides an effective way to achieve ultrashort UV laser pulse. Spectra width of the UV laser was slightly broadened in argon gas through filamentaion, and then a two-color filamentaion method was applied to broaden its spetrca further, providing a strong support the generation of high power ultrashort UV pulses.
The main work in the thesis includes:
1. The research on the enhancement of third harmonic in filament
When the power of the pump beam is very high in gases, the induced TH signal evolves into two parts, an on-axis component and a dispersive ring structure, and its total efficiency is merely 10"4. The author introduced another laser beam, and generated dual filaments by non-collinearlly focusing the two beams in the gas cell. Great enhancement was achieved when the two beams overlapped both in time and space. Background-free TH was observed in argon gas, while enhancement of TH on the axis was found in air and nitrogen. Spectra width of TH in nitrogen wassignificantly broadened from 66 THz to 100 THz, which showed a latency value inthe generation of ultrafast UV laser pulse.
2. Spectra broadening in filament
The generalized broadening mechanisms in filament were analyzed, then single-beam induced spetra broaden by filamentation was performed both in IR and UV waveband. Supercontinuum with bottom width from 200nm to 1100nm was achieved in ir waveband; while a broadening from 6.3 THz to 13.8 THz was achieved in UV region. A two-color co-filamentation setup in argon gas was used to further broaden the UV pulses. By adjusting the time delay, the background pressure and the overlapping of two filaments, the spetca of the UV laser was further broadened (from 6.3 THz to 26.7 THz)
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