摘要
微波光子学是研究微波和光子信号相互作用的一门交叉学科。随着无线通信的频段进入到毫米波段和光通信网络带宽的进一步增加,微波光子学将在下一代通信网络中扮演更加重要的角色。为了实现光信号与微波信号的相互作用,电光调制器在大部分的微波光子学系统中都是不可或缺的组成部分。相位调制器作为最简单的电光调制结构,任何一块具有电光效应的晶体或者聚合物都可以构成相位调制器。与常用的马赫-曾德尔强度调制器相比,电光相位调制器具有结构简单、插入损耗低、不需要直流偏置电路等优点。本论文的主要内容就是研究基于电光相位调制器的微波信号产生与处理,主要内容包括:
相位调制到强度调制转换的理论与实践。可以利用光纤色散、光滤波器和布里渊散射等来实现相位调制到强度调制的转换,最后通过实验证明可以利用一个光纤光栅来同时实现相位调制到强度调制的转换和链路效率的提高。
基于相位调制器的微波光子滤波器。对利用相位调制器实现带通型的微波光子滤波器进行了理论分析和仿真,总结了基于相位调制器实现负抽头微波光子滤波器的方法,实验演示了基于相位调制和布里渊散射的单通带微波光子滤波器。
相位调制器在超宽带系统的应用。分析和总结了利用相位调制的特点来构建超宽带脉冲产生系统的各种方案,提出并实验演示了基于相位调制器和窄带光纤光栅的可调谐超宽带滤波器,得到了3-dB通带为3.3-10.6GHz的线性相位滤波器。
基于相位调制器的全光微波产生。理论分析了当相位调制信号的载波分量被部分抑制时得到的各阶电谐波的大小,提出了基于相位调制和布里渊载波抑制的全光微波产生方案,并实验得到了高质量的微波信号。
相位调制器在光子微波频率变换中应用。总结了使用相位调制器的光子微波频率变换方法,提出了基于相位调制器和光子晶体光纤布里渊激光器的光子微波上变频方案,在3GHz和5GHz中频信号输入的情况下,分别得到了12.76GHz和14.76GHz的上变频信号。使用相位调制器的优点是可以避免输入的中频信号出现在最后得到的上变频信号谱中。
Microwave photonics is an interdisciplinary area that studies the interaction between microwave and optical signals. With the frequency of wireless communication entering millimeter-wave region and the bandwidth increasing in optical communication network, microwave photonics will play a more important role in the next generation communication network. To realize the interaction between microwave and optical signals, an external electro-optic modulator is indispensable in most microwave photonic systems. As the most simple electro-optic modulation structure, electro-optic phase modulators can be made up of any crystals or organic polymers with electro-optic effects. In comparison to common Mach-Zehnder intensity modulators, phase modulators offer several advantages, such as simple structure, low loss, and no biasing circuit required. The microwave signal generation and processing based on electro-optic phase modulators is deeply studied in this thesis. The main content of the thesis is divided into five parts as follows:
Firstly, the theory and practice in phase modulation (PM) to intensity modulation (IM) conversion is reviewed. PM signals can be converted into IM signals by using dispersive optical fiber, optical filters, and stimulated Brillouin scattering. We propose and experimentally demonstrate that a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) can be used to simultaneously realizing PM-IM conversion and efficiency improvement in fiber-optic links.
Secondly, microwave photonic filters based on phase modulators are extensively investigated. A bandpass microwave photonic filter with a phase modulator is simulated and discussed. By utilizing the properties of phase-modulated optical signals, microwave photonic filters with negative coefficients can be conveniently constructed. We experimentally demonstrate a single-bandpass filter based on PM and stimulated Brillouin scattering.
The third part is focused on the application of phase modulators in Ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. The optical methods to generate UWB signals utilizing phase modulators are discussed and analyzed. A tunable UWB filter based on a phase modulator and a narrow-band FBG is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The 3-dB passband of the photonic UWB filter is about 3.3-10.6 GHz, and the phase of the filter is quite linear.
All-optical microwave generation based on phase modulators is investigated in part four. We theoretically prove that only even-order electrical harmonics exist when a carrier-suppressed phase-modulated signal is detected by a photodetector. With the help of Brillouin-assisted carrier-filtering and PM, a high quality microwave signal is experimentally obtained.
The last section is about photonic microwave frequency conversion with phase modulators. After concluding the different photonic microwave frequency conversion methods, we propose an approach to upconverting a microwave signal by using a photonic crystal fiber Brillouin laser and a phase modulator. The 3 GHz and 5 GHz input signals are respectively upconverted to 12.76 GHz and 14.76 GHz. Utilizing PM instead of IM, the input intermediate frequency signal will not appear at the output electrical spectrum of the photodetector.
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