摘要
利用二极管激光器直接泵浦掺杂稀土元素的光子晶体光纤激光器产生超短、超强的激光脉冲是实现低成本、集成化的飞秒激光脉冲技术的新手段,在工业、科研等领域有广泛的应用前景。光子晶体光纤的无截止单模特性使得光纤纤芯尺寸增加的同时保持单模,从而有效地降低了光纤的非线性,非常适合于高能量超短激光脉冲的传输。本论文利用偏振型掺镱大模场面积光子晶体光纤作为增益介质,通过半导体可饱和吸收镜引入被动调制,实现了自启动锁模,获得了高能量的飞秒激光脉冲输出,并进一步系统研究了不同谐振腔色散的情况下,锁模的动力学过程。本论文的工作可以概括为以下几部分:
1.阐述了飞秒激光的产生原理、飞秒激光技术的发展及光子晶体光纤的导光机制,介绍了超短激光脉冲在非线性介质中传输的基本理论。
2.建立了光子晶体光纤锁模激光器的数值模型,对这种激光器的锁模动力学过程进行了数值模拟,模拟的结果与实验很好的吻合。
3.实验研究了孤子锁模的光子晶体光纤激光器,获得了900 mW的高平均功率脉冲输出,其单脉冲能量为19 nJ,脉冲宽度为570 fs。分析了光子晶体光纤的偏振消光比对输出脉冲质量的影响,并精确测量了激光器输出的锁模脉冲序列的能量波动与时间抖动等噪声特性。
4.实验研究了呼吸孤子锁模的光子晶体光纤激光器,最窄获得了78 fs的超短激光脉冲输出,观察到束缚态孤子的产生,并对其产生机理进行了理论分析。
5.实验研究了全正色散锁模的光子晶体光纤激光器,获得了平均功率为2 W,单脉冲能量为40 nJ,脉冲宽度为3.6 ps的超短激光脉冲,经腔外色散补偿,脉冲宽度压缩至410 fs。利用多通长腔加长光路,谐振腔的重复频率从50 MHz降至11 MHz,得到了高达97 nJ的单脉冲能量输出。
6.基于光子晶体光纤振荡级与放大级,开发了紧凑型的太赫兹时域光谱系统,获得了高平均功率的近单周期太赫兹脉冲。
Intense ultrashort laser pulse generation from diode-pumped rare-earth-doped photonic crystal fiber lasers is a novel approach to achieve low-cost and compact femtosecond laser source, which is a promising work-horse on industry and scientific research. The photonic crystal fiber can scale up the mode area while keeping a single guided mode due to the endless single mode property, which effectively scale down the fiber nonlinearity, and is ideal for high power laser pulse propagation. A high energy mode-locked fiber laser is developed in this thesis. A segment of single polarization Ytterbium doped large mode area photonic crystal fiber laser serves as the gain media, while a piece of semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is used for self-started mode locking operation. The mode locking dynamics under various cavity dispersion is systematically investigated. The thesis can be divided into the following 6 parts:
1. The fundamentals of femtosecond generation, the development of femtosecond laser technology as well as the waveguide mechanism of photonic crystal fiber are presented. The theory of nonlinear propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in media is introduced.
2. A numerical model of mode-locked photonic crystal fiber laser is built, which is used to simulate the pulse dynamics in the fiber laser. The simulated results fit the experimental results very well.
3. Soliton mode-locked photonic crystal fiber laser is experimentally investigated. Laser pulses with 900 mW of average power, 19 nJ of single pulse energy and 570 fs of pulse duration are achieved from the fiber laser. The influence of polarization extinction ratio of photonic crystal fiber on output pulse quality is analyzed. The noise of the laser, including energy fluctuation and timing jitter is also measured.
4. Stretched soliton mode-locked photonic crystal fiber laser is experimentally investigated, pulse duration as short as 78 fs is achieved from the laser. The bounded solution pairs are also observed in the fiber laser.
5. All normal dispersion mode-locked photonic crystal fiber laser is experimentally investigated, laser pulses with 2 W of average power, 40 nJ of single pulse energy(corresponding to 51 MHz of repetition rate) and 3.6 ps of pulse duration are achieved, which can be dechirped to 410 fs by extra-cavity dispersion compensation. 97 nJ laser pulses at a repetition rate of 11 MHz are achieved by adding a multi-pass cavity to lengthen the cavity path.
6. A compact teraherz time domain spectral system is developed based on photonic crystal fiber laser and amplifier, nearly single cycle high power teraherz pulses are generated.
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