摘要
本论文详细阐述了光子晶体光纤的传输特性,并对其可控色散特性、非线性特性、带隙特性进行了理论和实验的研究。基于掺Yb3+单偏振双包层光子晶体光纤搭建了全光子晶体光纤飞秒激光放大系统,系统研究了多个参数对输出的影响,得到高重复频率,高平均功率的飞秒脉冲输出。论文的工作包括以下主要内容:
第一,利用有限元方法设计了具有特殊色散特性的孔助实芯光子晶体光纤。通过控制纤芯空气孔的大小得到了具有两个零色散点的色散曲线,并优化了该光纤的二阶和三阶色散,使其满足光纤展宽器的色散匹配要求。同时基于白光干涉法搭建了色散测量系统,测量了多种光子晶体光纤的色散曲线。
第二,在非线性实验中,由于孔助实芯光子晶体光纤具有两个零色散波长,实现了自频移孤子的稳定输出,消除了仅有一个零色散点光纤中孤子频移对入射脉冲能量的敏感性。
第三,利用空气纤芯光子带隙光纤的低非线性和反常色散特性对光子晶体光纤飞秒激光器输出的脉冲进行了压缩。利用全固带隙光纤和布拉格型光纤的弯曲损耗特性制作了带通滤波器,其滤波窗口的中心波长和宽度皆可调谐。
第四,数值模拟研究了Yb3+光纤的增益特性,结合实验分析了放大级参数对输出脉冲能量的影响。利用分步傅立叶方法研究了放大过程中的自相位调制效应的影响,进一步数值模拟了非线性脉冲放大和压缩的过程,分析了三阶色散和非线性啁啾之间的相互补偿。
第五,实验搭建了全光子晶体光纤飞秒激光放大系统,系统中的增益光纤全部采用掺Yb3+单偏振双包层光子晶体光纤,利用非线性放大,得到比种子光更窄的脉冲输出。实验中详细分析了振荡级的锁模状态、振荡级输出脉冲光谱调制、放大级泵浦功率、放大级增益光纤长度等参数对系统输出的影响,得到了39 fs的最短脉冲输出和平均功率为23 W,重复频率为50 MHz,对应单脉冲能量460 nJ,脉冲宽度为109 fs的稳定高质量脉冲输出。并以此输出为光源对光子晶体光纤飞秒激光器在高功率非线性、高功率紫外倍频、高速飞秒激光加工等领域的应用进行了探索。
This dissertation can be summarized mainly in two parts. Firstly, it demonstrates the propagation characteristics of laser in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) as well as the theoretical and experimental research of the controllable dispersion, nonlinearity, and photonic bandgap properties in PCFs; Secondly, it reports the construction of all PCF femtosecond laser amplifier based on Yb3+-doped single-polarization large mode area (LMA) PCFs. The impact of system parameters on output is analyzed, and the high power ultrafast pulses with high repetition rate are obtained. The detailed contents can be classified as follows:
1. The dispersion characteristics of the air-hole-assistant solid-core PCF is designed with finite element method. Two zero dispersion points are obtained through controlling the size of the air holes in fiber core. The properties of the group velocity dispersion (GVD) and third-order dispersion (TOD) are optimized to fulfill the need of dispersion match when applying the fiber to the fiber stretcher. The dispersion measurement system is constructed based on the method of white light interferometry, and the dispersion property of the air-hole-assistant solid-core PCF is measured.
2. The stable soliton self-frequency shift is obtained in the experiment with the help of the two zero dispersion points in air-hole-assistant solid-core PCF. Compared to the PCFs with only one zero dispersion point, the sensitivity of the self-frequency shift depending on input pulse energy is greatly canceled.
3. The output pulses from PCF laser are compressed by the anomalous dispersion property and low nonlinear characteristic of the air core photonic band gap fiber. The achievement realizes the preparing step for the band gap fiber to be further used in PCF femtosecond chirp pulse amplifiers. A unique band-pass filter is invented based on the bend loss properties of the all solid photonic band gap fibers and Bragg-type fibers.
4. The gain characteristic and self-phase modulation (SPM) effect in Yb3+-doped fiber in the amplifier are studied numerically. The change of output pulse energy of the amplifier is also analyzed. The influence of SPM on output in the process of amplification is studied by using Split-step Fourier method. The amplification and compensation processes of the pulses are further studied through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Furthermore, the compensation between TOD and nonlinear chirp is analysed.
5. An all PCF laser amplifier is constructed based on Yb3+-doped single-polarization double cladding LMA PCFs. To obtain the shortter pulses than the seed pulses, the method of nonlinear amplification is used. The dependence of output on certain parameters, e.g. mode-locking conditions of the oscillator, spectrum modulation of the oscillator, pump power of the amplifier, and the length of the active fiber, etc. is studied. Furthermore, the record of 39 fs shortest pulses is realized in fiber laser single stage amplifier. High energy pulses with 109 fs time duration, 23 W average power, and 50 MHz repetition rate (corresponding to 460 nJ pulse energy) are also obtained. Applying the system as laser source, the research of high power nonlinear optics, high power fourth harmonic generation, and high speed micromachining are further developed.
引文
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