摘要
在科技革命的推动下，自主创新的重要性日益凸显，越来越多的国家和地区都把提升自主创新能力作为增强汽车产业竞争力的发展战略，自主创新能力已成为汽车产业竞争优势的重要决定性因素。因此，在国内外竞争压力激增的今天，作为重庆市支柱产业的汽车业要寻求质的发展，就必须毫不动摇地坚持自主创新，全面提升区域内汽车产业的自主创新能力。
本文在对发展汽车产业自主创新能力的相关理论及研究进行综述的基础上，通过分析汽车产业自主创新发展趋势、重庆汽车产业自主创新基础情况及对其能力进行测度来深入研究重庆汽车产业自主创新发展现状；综合运用定性定量分析的结果和经济学相关理论，深入分析了重庆汽车产业自主创新能力存在的不足，并从企业、产业、区域层面分析了制约重庆汽车产业自主创新能力发展的原因；借鉴发达国家和我国汽车发达地区提升汽车产业自主创新能力的经验，如国外的美、日、韩，国内的上海、吉林、安徽，并思考了对重庆的启示；最后，提出了提升重庆汽车产业自主创新能力的对策建议。
通过研究，本文得出如下结论：
1.重庆汽车产业自主创新能力在研发活动投入、自主创新基础能力及人才队伍建设方面都取得了一定的进步，但存在大企业与中小企业自主创新能力发展不平衡等问题。通过实证分析进一步得出重庆汽车产业自主创新能力在全国多个汽车发达省市中排名靠中，主要是重庆在创新投入和创新技术积累方面与汽车发达省市还存在较大差距。
2.重庆汽车产业自主创新能力存在的主要问题有：自主品牌研发能力弱小，研发经费与人才不足，整车与零部件创新发展不平衡，自主创新基础能力与发达省市差距过大。产生这些问题的原因主要有：集群内企业合作不够，包括整车与零部件企业合作不足及大、中小企业合作不足两个方面；产、学、研合作机制不完善以及相关产业发展滞后；政策引导不力、支持不足及完善的自主开发科技体系尚未建立等。
3.重庆汽车产业提高自主创新能力应该采取以下措施：企业应该强化内部管理、充分发挥创新主体地位、提升科技设备配置水平并构建和完善企业信息化运作平台；整个行业应该加强产业融合、建立汽车产业公共技术平台、培养造就创新人才；政府应该制定激励性的财税政策并运用金融政策加大企业投入、通过购买等方式扶持自主品牌建设、提高零部件企业创新能力。
本文所做的研究有以下几点创新：
1.本文突破对自主创新能力研究的宏微观视角，率先将汽车产业自主创新能力的研究与区域（重庆）的个案相结合，这是研究视角的创新。
2.本文在分析重庆汽车产业自主创新能力现状、问题及问题成因等方面不只是借用数据描述，更尝试结合多种理论来分析，这是现有研究模式基础上一个新的探索。
3.本文对策建议中详细分析了政府、行业组织及企业应有职能，这较以往宏观、笼统的建议更具全面性、实用性，以上体现了研究内容的创新。
With the promotion of technological Revolution, the importance ofindependent innovation is becoming increasingly prominent, more and morecountries and regions consider improving the ability of independentinnovation as the developing strategy of enhancing the competitiveness ofthe auto industry, so the independent innovation ability has become themost important decisive factor in the competitiveness of auto industry.Therefore, with today’s surging pressure of competition both at home andabroad, as the pillar industry in Chongqing, auto industry mustunswervingly adhere to the independent innovation, improve the ability ofindependent innovation overall area to seek qualitative development.
This paper summarized the relevant theories and researches ofdeveloping independent innovation capability in car industry, made athorough study of the present situation of independent innovation of autoindustry in Chongqing based upon the analysis of auto industrydevelopment trend of independent innovation and basic condition ofindependent innovation in Chongqing auto industry and the measurement ofits ability. The paper also made an in-depth analysis of the shortcomings ofindependent innovation ability in Chongqing auto industry, and analyzedthe reason of restricting the development of its innovation ability from theenterprise, industries and regional level, synthetically applied the aboveresults of qualitative and quantitative analysis and related economictheories. Then, the paper learnt from the experience of improving theindependent innovation capability in developed countries and the developedareas in car industry in our country, such as America, Japan, Korea abroad,Shanghai, Jilin, Anhui at home, and explored the enlightenment toChongqing. At last, the paper put forward the countermeasures of promotingthe ability of independent innovation of Chongqing auto industry.
Through the study, this paper draws the following conclusion:
1. Through standard analysis, this article concluded that theindependent innovation ability of Chongqing auto industry has made someprogress in R&D investment, basic capacity of independent innovation andtalent team construction, but there still exists problems as unbalanceddevelopment of innovation ability between large enterprises and medium-sized and small enterprises. Through empirical analysis, the articleconcluded that the independent innovation ability of Chongqing autoindustry rank middle position in many national typical provinces and cities,mainly because there still is a large gap between Chongqing and developedprovinces in car industry in innovation investment and innovationtechnology accumulation.
2. The problems of independent innovation ability of Chongqing autoindustry include: the weakness of research ability of self-owned brand, theinsufficient research fund and talents, the unbalanced innovationimprovement between finished automobile and components and parts, biggap between developed provinces in basic independent innovation ability.The main reason for these problems: insufficient cooperation of enterprisesin the cluster, including the insufficient cooperation of vehicle and partsenterprises and large enterprises and SME co-operation; production, science,research co-operation mechanisms are inadequate, as well as thedevelopment of related industries lag; policy adverse guide, the lack ofsupport and self-developed science and technology system has not beenestablished.
3.Based on the analysis, to improve the capability of independentinnovation ability of Chongqing auto industry, the paper suggest taking thefollowing measures: enterprises should strengthen their internalmanagement, give full play to the innovation and the dominant position,enhance the level of technological equipment configuration and build andimprove the operating platform of enterprise information; the entireindustry should strengthen the industrial integration, establish a publictechnology platform for the automotive industry and cultivate innovativetalents; the government should enact incentives and taxation policy and usefinancial policies to increase business investment, to support theconstruction of independent brands and improve the innovation capacity ofparts enterprises through purchase, etc.
There are two innovations in the research done in this article: on thetopics, this paper aimed at innovation hotspots, systematic comprehensivelystudied the development of Chongqing auto industry from the perspective ofthe capability of independent innovation; on research methods, this papersynthetically used standardized, empirical, comparison method, systematic and comprehensive analyzed the status quo, problems and domestic andinternational experience of Chongqing automotive industry, the final policyrecommendations reflects the pertinence, practicability and persistence.
引文
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