摘要
随着科学技术的发展,近几十年来结构体的声散射一直受到许多工程领域的重视。结构体的声散射含有结构物的几何形状以及结构组成等重要的信息,通过对散射波场的分析,可以实现对结构物的侦测以及探伤,深入研究目标的散射特性是实现目标特征提取和识别的基础,因此,声散射的研究在实际工程中有十分重要的应用价值。本文对船舶与海洋结构物中的板壳等结构的声散射作了数值和实验分析,完成的主要工作和创新性成果如下:
基于Greenberg的方法,推导了具有阻抗边界条件的浅水Green函数。建立了浅水域的声学边界元方程,利用边界元法研究了三维海洋波导与散射体相互作用的问题。分析了当声波与结构体相互作用时,理想边界条件以及海底阻抗对结构散射特性的影响。数值分析表明:浅海中椭球体的散射特性与自由场中明显不同,当椭球体按照一定比例变化,其散射声压变化规律会近似于球体而声压幅值低于球体。具有阻抗边界条件的浅海球体的散射特性与理想海底差别较大,海底阻抗对水平断面以及垂直断面的散射场都有一定的影响,目标距离海底越近,计算场点散射声压受海底边界条件的影响越大,阻抗越大,散射声压越大。分析浅海声散射时,海底阻抗的影响不可忽视。合理设计水下结构,控制其在浅水域中散射特性是未来研究发展的方向。
利用边界元法,对刚性和绝软表面裂纹板的声散射进行了数值分析。考察了裂纹的位置以及形状等因素对散射声压影响。计算结果表明,裂纹数目越多,散射声压越低;含裂纹的刚性板和绝软板对声场的指向性影响较大。其次,采用先进的声学测量系统对包括直裂纹、斜裂纹、表面裂纹、不同裂纹类型组合的多裂纹板等13块边界为自由边界的铝板以及完好板进行了插入损失试验分析。试验结果表明:裂纹长度和裂纹板的插入损失成反比。裂纹越长,插入损失越小;裂纹距离声源越近,插入损失越小;裂纹越深,插入损失越小;裂纹数量越多,插入损失越小。插入损失可以作为一种诊断指标应用于无损检测当中。
利用简单的实验装置将球形声源近似为点声源,以敷设阻尼和软表面材料的铝板为研究对象,利用声学测量系统,考察了在点声源作用下铝板的声散射以及声透射特性。实验结果表明:在点声源作用下,有限板的声透射特点是声源距离有限板越近,插入损失越大,敷设阻尼有限板的插入损失要比没有敷设阻尼有限板的大,敷设软表面材料板的插入损失要高于普通铝板的插入损失。因此,在船舶含有声源的舱室内敷设阻尼(或者敷设相对较“软”材料),能够起到更好的隔声效果,提高舱室内部声源向声场中透射的传声损失。本文的研究结果在研究敷设阻尼结构的声散射、声透射等方面有着积极作用,对于预报潜艇的振动、噪声和提高潜艇的声隐身性能有着重要意义。
With development of scientific technology, acoustic scattering by object has been a topic of interest over the past few decades. The importance of studying the acoustic scattering by objects lies in the fact that many physical objects can at least be approximated by one of the aforementioned geometries or non-destructive detection. The object acoustic scattering characteristic is the basic of target identification that is so significance to study. This dissertation addresses a detailed of studying on numerical and experimental of plane and shell acoustic scattering characteristics for ship and offshore structure. The major contributions and conclusions are as follows:
A new shallow water Green's function for sea bottom with impedance boundary condition is derived. The interaction of acoustic wave with the scattering ellipsoids object in an ocean wave-guide was examined by using BEM. The effect of impedance boundary on the scattering characteristics of the acoustic wave by an obstacle was considered and the results show that the scattering characteristic of ellipsoids in shallow water is different from that of in infinite field. The scattering pressure made by ellipsoids is not only similar but also lower than that of sphere when the ellipsoids scale is appropriate. The scattering characteristic of ellipsoids in shallow water with impedance boundary condition is different from that of rigid sea bottom. The impedance boundary condition affects both the horizontal propagation and vertical propagation greatly. The scattering pressure will greatly increase if the object is close to sea bottom or the impedance is large. The effect of impedance boundary condition on scattering characteristic by an obstacle in shallow water wave-guide is prominent Design the dimension scale of underwater structures reasonable and control its scattering characteristics will be further developed.
The acoustic scattering characteristics of a three-dimensional finite plate with multi-cracks considering both soft and rigid surface conditions are studied by using BEM. The effect of the cracked position and the shape of the crack on scattering pressure are considered. It is can be concluded the sound pressure decrease as the cracks increasing and the diversification of sound pressure and directivity of pattern are greatly effect by the hard plane and the soft surface plate with cracks. The correlation acoustic scattering and transmission experiments of 13 freedom plates of different cracks and an intact freedom plate have been investigated by using advanced acoustical experiment system. Insertion loss is used as diagnose index and experimental show that insertion loss is sensitive to the crack position and it will be decreasing with the length, the depth and the number of cracks. Insertion loss can be considered as an easy new diagnose index for non-destructive detection.
The correlation acoustic scattering and transmission experiment of damped finite plate has been investigated in this paper by using advanced acoustical experiment system that the sphere source is changed to plane sound beam. Experiment results show that the insertion loss increases greatly as the distance between sound source and finite plate becomes closer. The insertion loss made by the damped plate is higher than that made by non-damped plate and the effect of sound insulation made by soft surface plate facing to source is better than the non-damped plate. It can be concluded that the damped layer and soft surface have a better effect on acoustic isolation and enhance transmission loss if the damped layer or soft surface is placed inside of the cabin of the ship. Besides, study the acoustic scattering and sound transmission is especially important for the prediction of vibration and noise and the design of sound-absorbing layer and the safety of submarines.
引文
1 马大猷.著 现代声学基础理论.北京:科学出版社,2004.
2 King L V.On the Acoustic Radiation Pressure on Sphere.Proc.Roy.Soc.London,1934,147:212-240.
3 Francis E,Fox.Sound Pressure on Sphere[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1940,12(2):147-149.
4 Embleton T F W.Mean Force on a Sphere in a Spherical Sound Field.Ⅰ.(Theoretical)[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1954,26(1):40-45.
5 Embleton T F W.Mean Force on a Sphere in a Spherical Sound Field.Ⅱ.(Experimental)[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1954,26(1):46-50.
6 Maidanik G.Acoustical Radiation Pressure Due to Incident Plane Progressive Waves on Spherical Objects[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1957,29(6):738-742.
7 Maidanik G,Westervel P J.Acoustical Radiation Pressure Due to Incident Plane Progressive Waves on Spherical Objects[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1957,29(8):936-940.
8 Takahi Hasegawa,Masayuki Ochi,Kiichiro Matsuzawa.Acoustic Radiation Pressure on a Rigid Sphere in a Spherical Wave Field[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980,67(3):770-773.
9 Takahi Hasegawa,Masayuki Ochi,Kiichiro Matsuzawa.Acoustic Radiation Pressure on a Solid Elastic Sphere in a Spherical Wave Field[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1981,69(4):937-942.
10 Takahi Hasegawa,Tohru Kido,Shigeki Takeda,Naoki Inoue,Kiichiro Matsuzawa.Acoustic Radiation Force on a Rigid Sphere in the Near Field of a Circular Piston Vibrator[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1990,88(3):1578-1583.
11 汤渭霖.声纳目标回波的亮点模型[J].声学学报,1994,19(2):92-100.
12 李建鲁,范军,汤渭霖.水下简单形状目标回声的近场过渡特征[J].上海交通大学学报,2002,35(12):1846-1850.
13 范军,刘涛,汤渭霖.水下目标壳体的镜像反射亮点回波结构[J].声学技术,2002,21(4)345-350.
14 范军,万琳,汤渭霖.基于3DMAX建模的水中目标强度计算[J].声学技术,2002,19(4):203-204.
15 王桂波,彭临慧.浅海波导中刚性球声散射特性研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(3):515-520.
16 赵洪,徐海亭.消声瓦声参数匹配与水下目标的回波消声效果预报[J].声学技术.2000,19:222-235
17 汤渭霖.用物理声学方法计算界面附近目标的回波[J].声学学报,1999,24(1):1-5
18 Spence R D,Granger S.The Scattering of Sound from a Prolate Spheroid[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1951,23:701-706.
19 Rozhdestvenskii K N,Tolokonnikov L A.Acoustic Scattering by an Elastic Spheroid[J].Soviet Physics Acoustics,1990,36(5):515-516.
20 Maciulaitis A,John M,Seiner,Thomas D.Sound Scattering by Rigid Oblate Spheroids,with Implication to Pressure Gradient Microphones[J].NASA,1976,81(40):1-40.
21 Junger M C.Sound Scattering by Thin Elastic Shells[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1952,24:366-373.
22 Goodman,Stern R.Reflection and Transmission of Sound by Elastic Spherical Shells[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1962,34:338-344.
23 Hayek S.Vibration of a Spherical Shell in an Acoustic Medium[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1966,40(2):342-348.
24 Murphy J,George J,Nagl A,Uberall H.Isolation of the Resonant Components in Acoustic Scattering from Fluid Loaded Elastic Spherical Shells[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1979,65:368-373.
25 Veksler N D.Sound Wave Scattering by Circular Cylindrical Shells[J].Wave Motion,1986,8:525-536.
26 Gaunaurd G C,Werby M F.Lamb and Creeping Waves around Submerged Spherical SheIls Resonantly Exclted by Sound Scattering[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1987,82:2021-2033.
27 Ayres V M,Gaunaurd G C,Tsul C Y,Werby M F.The Effects of Lamb Wave on the Sonar Cross -Sections of Elastic Spherical Shells[J].International Journal for Solids structures,1987,23:937- 946.
28 Gaunaurd G C,Werby M F.Sound Scattering by Resonantly Excited,Fluid-Loaded,Elastic Spherical Shells[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1991,90:2536-2550.
29 Hasheminejad S M,Rajabi M.Acoustic resonance scattering from a submerged functionally graded cylindrical shell[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2007,302(2):208-228.
30 Zienkiewicz O C,Bando K,Bettess P.Mapped Infinite Elements for Exterior Wave Problems [J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1985,21:1229-1252.
31 Gorranson J P E,Davidsson C F.Three Dimensional Infinite Element for Wave Propogation [J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1987,115:556-559.
32 Burnett D S.A Three-Dimensional Acoustic Infinite Element Based on a Prolate Spheroidal Expansion[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1994,96:2798-2816.
33 Burnett D S.Prolate and Oblate Spheroidal Acoustic Infinite Element[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1998,158:117-141.
34 杨瑞梁,汪鸿振.一种新的声无限元法[J].振动与冲击,2003,22(3):21-24.
35 Shirron J J,Giddings T E.A finite element model for acoustic scattering from objects near a fluid - fluid interface[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2007,196(2):279-288.
36 潘文峰,尤云祥,缪国平.二维海洋波导中Helmholtz方程外问题数值解的有限元法[J].上海交通大学学报,2006,40(11):2003-2008.
37 Fang Q,Nicholls D P,Shen J.A stable,high-order method for three-dimensional,bounded-obstacle,acoustic scattering[J].Journal of Computational Physics,2007,224(2):1145- 1169.
38 Everstine G C,Henderson F M.Coupled Finite Element/Boundary Element Approach for Fluid-Structure Interaction[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1990,87(5):1938-1974.
39 Bronawicki A J,Neison R B.Structural and Acoustic Response of Submerged Axis Symmetric Shells[J].In Computational Methods for Infinite Domain Media-Structure Interaction,Applied Mechanical Division,New York,ASME,1981.
40 张敬东,何祚镛.传递矩阵-边界元方法预报水下旋转薄壳振动和声辐射[J].哈尔滨船舶工程学院学报,1989,10(4):435-444.
41 张敬东,何祚镛.有限元+边界元--修正的模态分解法预报水下旋转薄壳的振动和声辐射[J].声学学报,1990,15(1):12-19.
42 Benthien W.,Schenck A.Nonexistence and Nonuniqueness Problems Associated with Integral Equation Methods in Acoustics[J].Computation Structures,1997,65:295-305.
43 Schenck H A.Improved Integral Formulation for Acoustic Radiation Problems[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1968,44(1):41-58.
44 Burton A J,Miller G F.The Application of the Integral Equation Method to the Numerical Solution of Some Exterior Boundary Value Problems[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1971,323:201-210.
45 Achenbach J D,Kechter J D,Xu Y L.Off Boundary Approach to the Boundary Element Method [J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1988,70:191-201.
46 Koopmann G H,Song L,Fahnline J B.A Method for Computing Acoustic Fields Based on the Principle of Wave Superposition[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,88:2433-2438.
47 张胜勇,陈心昭.体积源边界点法及其在声辐射计算中的应用[J].振动工程学报,1998,11(4):395-401.
48 王秀峰.机器辐射声场分析的新型计算方法研究[D].合肥工业大学博士学位论文,2001.
49 刘钊,陈心昭.结构声辐射分析的全特解场边界元法[J].振动工程学报,1996,96(4):341-347.
50 Hang W S.A Boundary Spectral Method for Solving Exterior Acoustical Problems with Hypersingular Integrals[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1999,44:1775-1783.
51 向宇,黄玉盈.伸缩虚边界元法解含任意形状空穴外场声辐射[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(9):97-100.
52 Seybert A F,Rengarajan T K.The Use of CHIEF to Obtain Unique Solutions for Acoustic Radiation Using Boundary Integral Equations[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1987,81:1299-1306.
53 Wu T W,Seybert A F.A Weighted Residual Formulation for the CHIEF Method in Acoustics [J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1991,90(3):1608-1614.
54 Luke C J,Martin P A.Fluid-Solid Interaction:Acoustic Scattering by a Smooth Elastic Obstracle[J].SIAM Journal of Applied.Mathematics,1995,55(4):904-922.
55 Ishizuka T,Fujiwara K.Performance of Noise Barriers with Various Edge Shapes and Acoustical Conditions[J].Applied Acoustics,2004,65:125-141.
56 文立华,王卫祥,张敏玉.表面细分技术在二维声辐射和声散射中的应用[J].应用声学,2006,25(1):13-18.
57 Zienkiewicz O C.Mapped Infinite Element for Exterior Wave Problems[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1985,21:1229-1251.
58 Mover T,Schroeder E A.Combined Finite Element/Boundary Integral Approach to the Prediction of Acoustic Signatures and Radar Cross Sections[J].Integral Methods in science and Engineering hemisphere,1990,4:260-269.
59 Astlev R J,Bettess P,Clark P J.Letter to the Editor[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1991,32:207-209.
60 Bettess P,Bettess J A.Infinite Elements for Dynamic Problems.Part Ⅰ and Part Ⅱ[J].Engineering Computing,1991,8:99-151.
61 Cheung Y K.Flexural Vibration of Rectangular and the other Polygonal Plates[J].JEM.ASCE,1992,2:231-237.
62 Cheung Y K.Finite Strip Method in Structural Analysis[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press.1976
63 Jean-Christophe Autrique,Frederic Magoule's Analysis of a conjugated infinite element method for acoustic scattering[J].Computers and Structures,2007,85(2):518- 525.
64 Hasheminejad S M,Rajabi M.Acoustic scattering characteristics of a thick-walled orthotropic cylindrical shell at oblique incidence[J].Ultrasonics,2007,47(3):32-48.
65 Harland A R,Petzing J N,Tyrer J R.Visualising scattering underwater acoustic fields using laser Doppler vibrometry[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2007,305(7):659-671.
66 徐张明,汪玉等.船舶结构的建模及水下振动和辐射噪声的FEM/BEM计算[J].船舶力学,2002,6(4):89-95.
67 徐张明,沈荣瀛等.利用FEM/IBEM计算流体介质中的壳体的结构声耦合问题[J].振动工程学报,2002,15(3):363-367.
68 徐张明,汪玉等.双层壳体的船舶动力舱振动与声辐射的有限元结合边界元数值计算[J].中国造船,2002,43(4):39-44.
69 童宗鹏,王国治,舰艇结构水下振动和声辐射特性研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2003,17(2):18-22.
70 张敬东.声激励水下旋转壳体振动和声辐射的数值预报[J].中国造船,1990,3:29-35.
71 商德江,何祚镛.加肋双层圆柱壳振动声辐射数值计算分析[J].声学学报,2001,26(3):193-201.
72 彭旭,骆东平.船舶结构建模及水下振动和辐射噪声预报[J].噪声与振动控制,2003,6:9-12.
73 邹春平,陈端石,华宏星.船舶水下辐射噪声特性研究[J].船舶力学,2004,8(1):113-124.
74 Beranek,L.Acoustic Measurements[M].John Wiley & Sons,New York.1949.
75 Rudnick I.Measurements of the Acoustic Radiation Pressure on a Sphere in a Standing Wave Field.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1977,62(1):20-22.
76 Williams E G,Houstion B H,Bucaro J A.Experimental Investigation of the Wave Propagation on a Point Driven,Submerged Capped Cylinder Using K-Space Analysis[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1990,87:513-522.
77 Decultot D,lecroq F,Maze G,Ripoche J.Acoustic Scattering from a Cylindrical Shell Bounded by Hemispherical Endcaps[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1993,94:2916-2923.
78 Tarawneh C M.Experimental Analysis of Near-field Acoustic Scattering by Rigid Spheroidal Objects[D].Dissertation of PHD.University of Nebraska.2003.
79 Lin JIANG,De-you ZHAO.Studies on acoustic scattering experiment of finite plate in half space Ⅱ.Proceeding of the Seventeenth ISOPE,2007,4:3768-3771.
80 何祚镛,赵玉芳.声学理论基础[M].国防工业出版社.1981
81 Waterman P C.New formulation of acoustic scattering[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1969,45:1417-1429.
82 Numrick S K,Varadan V V,Varadan V K.Scattering of acoustic waves by finite elastic cylinder immersed in water[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1981,70:1407-1422.
83 Su J H,Varadan V V,Varadan V K.Acoustic wave scattering by a finite elastic cylinder in water[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980,68:686-702.
84 Hunt J T.A finite element approach to acoustic scattering from elastic structures [J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1974,55:269-280.
85 Schuster G T,Smith L G.Modeling scattering embedded in a plane-layered media by a hybrid Haskell-Thomson and boundary integral equation method[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1985,78:1387-1394.
86 汤渭霖.奇异点展开发(SEM)与共振散射理论(RST)之间的联系[J].声学学报,1991,16(2):199-208.
87 汤渭霖.可分离变量水下弹性体的纯弹性共振散射[J].声学学报,1995,20(6):456-465.
88 刘国利,汤渭霖.平面声波斜入射到水中无限长圆柱壳体的纯弹性共振散射[J].声学学报,1996,21(5):805-814.
89 Sarkissian A.Method of superposition applied to scattering from a target in a bounded medium[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1994,95(6):2340-2354.
90 Hackman R H,Sammelmann G S.Multiple scattering analysis for a target in an ocean wavegide[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1988,84:1813-1825.
91 Hackman R H,Sammelmann G S.Acoustic scattering in an inhomogeneous wavegide[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1986,80:1447-1485.
92 Ingenito F.Scattering from an object in a stratified medium[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1987,82(4):2051-2059.
93 Perkins J S,Kuperman W A,Heaney K D,Murphy,G.T.Scattering from an object in a three-dimensional ocean.Proceedings of the 20th annual international meeting of the technical cooperation subgroup.Technical Panel 9,October 1991.
94 Collins M D and Werby M F.A parabolic equation model for scattering in the ocean[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,82(3):1895-1902.
95 Athanassoulis G A and Prospathopoulos M.Three-dimensional acoustic scattering of a source-generated field from a cylindrical island[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1996,100(4):206-218.
96 Makris N C,Ingenito F,and Kuperman W A.Detection of a submerged object insonified by surface noise in ocean wave-guide[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1994,96(3):1703-1724.
97 Makris N C.A spectral approach to 3-D object scattering in layered media applied to scattering from submerged spheres[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1998,104(4):2105-2113.
98 Ramm A G.Wave scattering by small impedance particles in a medium[J].Physics Letters 2007,368(2):164- 172.
99 袁昌华.潜艇低速航行时的一种水下噪声源[J].舰船性能研究,1990,2:69-73.
100 郑辉,陈端石.阻尼复合板的隔声性能研究[J].应用声学,1996(2):1-6,23.
101 诺顿 M P.工程噪声和振动分析基础[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1993.
102 Fahy F,Sound and structural vibration:radiation,transmission and response[M].London:Academic Press,1985.
103 Naraynan S,Shanbhag R L.Sound transmission through a damped sandwich panel[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1982,80(3):315-327.
104 Naraynan S,Shanbhag R L.Sound transmission through layered cylindrical shells with applied damping treatment[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1984,92(4):541-558.
105 Dym C L,Lang D C.Transmission loss of damped asymmetric sandwich panels with orthotropic cores[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1983,88(3):299-319.
106 Moore J A,Lyon R H.Sound transmission loss characteristics of sandwich panel constructions[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1991,89(2):777-791.
107 Makris S E,Dym C L,Smith J M.Transmission loss optimization in acoustic sandwich panels [J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1986,79(6):1833-1843.
108 Chonan S,Kugo Y.Acoustic characteristics and the design of two-layered soundproof plates[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1989,129(3):501-511.
109 Chonan S,Kugo Y.Acoustic design of a three-layered plate with high sound interception [J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1991,89(2):792-798.
110 Nilsson A C.Wave propagation in and sound transmission through sandwich plates[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1990,138(1):73-94.
111 Trochidis A,Kalaroutis A.Sound transmission through double partitions with cavity absorption[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1986,107(2):321-327.
112 Takahashi D.Sound transmission through single plates with absorptive facings[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1988,83(4):1453-1457.
113 Liu G R,Cai C,Lam K Y.Sound reflection and transmission of compliant plate-like structures by a plane sound wave excitation[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2000,230(4):809-824.
114 Cai C,Liu G R,Lam K Y.An exact method for analyzing sound reflection and transmission by anisotropic laminates submerged in fluids[J].Applied Acoustics,2000,61:95-109.
115 Lin H J,Wang C N,Kuo Y M.Sound transmission loss across specially orthotropic laminates [J].Applied Acoustics,2007,68(2):1177- 1191.
116 郑辉,陈端石,骆振黄.阻尼复合板的结构参数配置与传声损失[J].振动工程学报,1994,7(4):297-305.
117 郑辉,陈端石,骆振黄.一种用于阻尼夹层板传声损失(TL)计算的等效参数法[J].振动工程学报,1994,7(1):59-64.
118 何祚镛,王曼.水下均匀材料复合层吸声特性研究[J].应用声学,15(5),1996:6-11.
119 何祚镛,王曼.水下非均匀材料复合层结构吸声的理论研究[J].应用声学,15(5),1996:12-19.
120 王曼,何祚铺.水下复合层吸声结构中反向声能与振动能量传输的研究[J].应用声学,1997,16(3):14-19.
121 赵洪,靳云姬等.水下多层均匀材料的声特性[J].应用声学,1999,18(4):8-12.
122 王宏伟,赵德有.含流体夹层阻尼复合板隔声性能研究[J].大连理工大学学报.2000,40(4):395-398.
123 黄建国,杨家军,廖道训.阻尼复合结构的隔声性能与参数配置[J].华中理工大学学报,1998,26(2):4-6.
124 孙曜,汪鸿振.双层板声透射性能计算分析[J].振动与冲击,2003,22(4):94-97.
125 吴忆峰,张宪民.单层隔声窗传声损失的分析[J].振动与冲击,2005,24(6):102-106.
126 张宪民,吴忆峰,苏伟锋.基于传声损失的双层隔声窗参数的优化设计J]..汕头大学学报(自然科学版),2005,20(2):63-68.
127 何祚镛,赵晋英译.水声学波动问题[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983.
128 何祚镛.水声作用下矩形弹性-粘弹性复合板的振动和散射声近场(Ⅰ)--矩形复合板的振动分析[J].声学学报,1985,10(6):344-357.
129 何祚镛.水声作用下矩形弹性-粘弹性复合板的振动和散射声近场(Ⅱ)--矩形弹性-粘弹性复合板散射声近场研究[J].声学学报,1986,11(1):1-19.
130 Vaicaitis R,Slazak M.Noise transmission through stiffened panels[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1980,70(3):413-426.
131 Narayanan S,Shanbhag R L.Sound transmission through elastically supported sandwich panels into a rectangular enclosure[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1981,77(2):251-270.
132 Gagliardini L,Roland J,Guyader J L.The use of a functional basis to calculate acoustic transmission between rooms[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1991,145(3):457-478.
133 邱小军,沙家正.低频无规入射声场通过矩形板入射到闭空间的隔声量--Ⅰ.理论部分[J].声学学报,1995,20(3):174-182.
134 邱小军,沙家正.低频无规入射声场通过矩形板入射到闭空间的隔声量--Ⅱ.实验部分[J].声学学报,1996,21(5):838-843.
135 杨军,李晓东,田静.粘弹性夹层板结构声传入的理论分析[J].声学学报,1999,24(6):617-626
136 Suzuki S,Raruyama S,Ido H.Boundary element analysis of cavity noise problems with complicated boundary conditions[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1989,130(1):79-91.
137 Wu T W,Dandapani A.A boundary element solution for sound transmission through thin panels[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1994,171(2),145-157.
138 Coyette J P.The use of finite-element and boundary-element models for predicting the vibro-acoustic behavior of layered structure[J].Advances in Engineering Software,1999,30,133-139.
139 Pates Ⅲ C S,Shirahatti U S,Mei C.Sound-structure interaction analysis of composite panels using coupled boundary and finite element methods[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1995,98(2):1216-1221.
140 Ramakrishnan J V,Koval L R.A finite element model for sound transmission through laminated composite plates[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1987,112(3):433-446.
141 胡选利,陈花玲,赵建平.声振耦合数值模型合理性分析和实验验证[J].西安交通大学学报,1997,31(7):1-6.
142 丁渭平,陈花玲.腔体声振耦合的对称化有限元模型及其特性研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2000,34(7):58-62.
143 Ding W P,Chen H L.A symmetrical finite element model for structural-acoustic coupling analysis of an elastic,thin-walled cavity[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2001,243(3):547-559.
144 黎胜,赵德有.加筋板结构声传输研究[J].船舶力学,2001,5(4):61-66.
145 黎胜,赵德有.用耦合有限元/边界元方法研究加筋板的声传输[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(3):364-367.
146 黎胜,赵德有.复合材料层合板的铺层几何对结构声传输的影响[J].振动与冲击,2001,20(2):86-88.
147 闫再友,姜楫,严明.无界流场中充流弹性壳体声透射数值研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2000,34(8):1066-1073.
148 谭红波,赵洪,徐海亭.有限元法分析空腔周期分布粘弹性层的声特性[J].声学学报,2003,28(3):277-282.
149 邹元杰,赵德有.水中阻尼复合箱体结构的振动声辐射特性研究[J].声学学报,2006,31(4):342-349.
150 杨瑞梁.用矩阵组装方法求解中空玻璃的声透射问题[J].工业建筑,2006,36:137-140.
151 Klenow B,Nisewonger A,Batra R C,Brown A.Reflection and transmission of plane waves at an interface between two fluids[J].Computers & Fluids,2007,36(2):1298-1306.
152 Tong Z,Zhang Y,Zhang Z,Hua H.Dynamic behavior and sound transmission analysis of a fluid -structure coupled system using the direct-BEM/FEM[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2007,299(7):645 - 655.
153 姚德源,王其政.统计能量分析原理及其应用[M].北京理工大学出版社,1995.
154 Lyon R H.Statistical energy analysis of dynamical system:theory and application[M].London,MIT Press,1975.
155 Price A J,Crocker M J.Sound transmission through double panels using statistical energy analysis[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1970,47(3):668-693.
156 Miller V R,Faulkner L L.Prediction of aircraft interior noise using statistical energy analysis method[J].Transactions of the ASME,1983,105:512-518.
157 Craik R J M.The prediction of the sound transmission through buildings using statistical energy analysis[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1992,82(4):505-516.
158 俞孟萨.舰艇舱室噪声向水中透射的机理研究[J].舰船性能研究,1992,4:53-59.
159 黄险峰,吴硕贤.应用统计能量分析计算墙体隔声的初探[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2002,24(6):5-11.
1 Ingenito F.Scattering from an object in a stratified medium[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1987,82(6):2051-2059.
2 Perkins J S,Kuperman W A,Heaney K D,Murphy G T.Scattering from an object in a three-dimensional ocean.Proceedings of the 20th annual international meeting of the technical cooperation subgroup.Technical Panel 9,October 1991.
3 Collins M D,Werby M F.A parabolic equation model for scattering in the ocean[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,82(3):1895-1902.
4 Athanassoulis G A,Prospathopoulos M.Three-dimensional acoustic scattering of a source-generated field from a cyl.indrical island[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1996,100(4):206-218.
5 Makris N C,Ingenito F,Kuperman W A.Detection of a submerged object insonified by surface noise in ocean wave-guide[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1994,96(3):1703-1724.
6 Makris N C.A spectral approach to 3-D object scattering in layered media applied to scattering from submerged spheres[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1998,104(4):2105-2113.
7 王桂波,彭临慧.浅海波导中刚性球声散射特性研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(3):515-520.
8 汤渭霖.用物理声学方法计算界面附近目标的回波[J].声学学报,1999,24(1):1-5.
9 赵洪,徐海亭.消声瓦声参数匹配与水下目标的回波消声效果预报[J].声学技术,2000,19:222-235.
10 潘文峰,尤云祥,缪国平.二维海洋波导中Helmholtz方程外问题数值解的有限元法[J].上海交通大学学报,2006,40(11):2003-2008.
11 Ciskowski R D,Brebbia C A.Boundary element methods in acoustics[M].Southampton,Computational Mechanics Publications,1991.
12 Wu T W.On Computational Aspects of the Boundary Element Method for Acoustic Radiation and Scattering in a Perfect Waveguide[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1994,96(6):3733-3743.
13 刘伯胜,雷家煜.水声学原理[M].哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1993.
14 布列霍夫斯基赫著,杨训仁译.分层介质中的波(第二版)[M].北京科学出版社,1985.
15 邹元杰,赵德有.结构在浅水中的振动和声辐射特性研究[J].振动工程学报,2004,17(3):269-274.
16 杨德全,赵忠生.边界元理论及应用[M].北京理工大学出版社,2002.9.
17 在律,谢祚水,古长江,吕和祥.船舶计算结构力学[M].大连理工大学出版社,1988.
18 黎胜.水下结构声辐射和声传输的数值分析及主动控制模拟研究[D].大连理工大学博士学位论文.2001.
19 Rizzo F J,Shippy D J.An advanced boundary integral equation method for three-dimensional thermoelasticity[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1977,11:1753-1768.
20 嵇醒,威跃龙,程玉民.边界元法进展及通用程序[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.
21 李小瑜,傅志方.结构振动辐射声场的预估-边界积分方程中奇异积分的间接处理[J].振动工程学报,1989,2(1):59-65.
22 赵键,汪鸿振,朱物华.边界元法计算已知振速封闭面的声辐射[J].声学学报,1989,14(4):250-257.
23 赵翔,谢壮宁,黄幼玲.自由场结构体声辐射研究[J].声学学报,1989,14(4):250-257.
24 劳洁声,刘秀兰.边界积分法在三维弹性力学中的应用[J].大连工学院学报,1981,20(1):53-61
25 Hui C Y,Shia D.Evaluations of hypersingular integrals using Gaussian quadrature[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1999,44:205-214.
26 Kazantzakis J G,Theocaris P S.The evaluation of certain two-dimensional singular integrals used in three-dimensional.elasticity[J].International Journal for Solids structures,1979,15:203-207.
27 Liu Y J,Rizzo F J.A weakly-singular form of the hypersingular boundary integral equation applied to 3-D acoustic wave problems[5].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1992,96:271-287.
28 闫再友,姜楫,何友声,严明.声学边界元方法中超奇异数值积分处理的新方法[J].声学学报,2001,26(3):282-286.
29 Schenck H A.Improved integral formulation for acoustic radiation problems[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1968,44(1):41-58.
30 Benthien W,Schenck A.Nonexistence and nonuniqueness problems associated with integral equation methods in acoustics[5].Computers and Structures,1997,65:295-305.
31 Burton A J,Miller G F.The application of the integral equation method to the numerical solution of some exterior boundary value problems[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1971,323:201-210.
32 Achenbach J D,Kechter J D,Xu Y L.Off boundary approach to the boundary element method [J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1988,70:191-201.
33 Koopmann G H,Song L,Fahnline J B.A method for computing acoustic fields based on the principle of wave superposition [J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1989, 88(5): 2433-2438.
34 Seybert A F, Rengarajan T K. The use of CHIEF to obtain unique solutions for acoustic radiation using boundary integral equations [J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1987, 81(3): 1299-1306.
35 Wu T W, Seybert A F. A weighted residual formulation for the CHIEF method in acoustics [J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1991, 90(3): 1608-1614.
36 GreenbergMD. Application of Green' s function in science and engineering [M]. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1971.
37 Li W L, Wu T W, Seybert A F. A half-space boundary element method for acoustic problems with a reflecting plane of arbitrary impedance [J]. Journal of sound and vibration, 1994, 171(2):173-184.
1 Junger M C.Sound Scattering by Thin Elastic Shells[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1952,24:366-373.
2 Goodman S R.Reflection and Transmission of Sound by Elastic Spherical Shells[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1962,34:338-344.
3 Hayek S.Vibration of a Spherical Shell in an Acoustic Medium[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1966,40(2):342-348.
4 Murphy J,George J,Nag1 A,Uberall H.Isolation of the Resonant Components inAcoustic Scattering from Fluid Loaded Elastic Spherical Shells[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1979,65(3):368-373.
5 Veksler N D.Sound Wave Scattering by Circular Cylindrical Shells[J].Wave Motion,1986,8:525-536.
6 Gaunaurd G C,Werby M F.Lamb and Creeping Waves around Submerged Spherical SheIls Resonantly Exclted by Sound Scattering[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1987,82(3):2021-2033.
7 Ayres V M,Gaunaurd 6 C,Tsul C Y,Werby M F.The Effects of Lamb Wave on the Sonar Cross -Sections of Elastic Spherical Shells[J].International Journal for Solids structures,1987,23:937- 946.
8 Gaunaurd G C,Werby M F.Sound Scattering by Resonantly Excited,Fluid-Loaded,Elastic Spherical Shells[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1991,90(4):2536-2550.
9 Seybert A F,Soenarko B,Rizzo F J,Shippy D J.An Advanced Computational Method for Radiation and Scattering of Acoustic Waves in Three Dimensions[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1985,77(3):362-368.
10 Wu T W.On Computational Aspects of the Boundary Element Method for Acoustic Radiation and Scattering in a Perfect Waveguide[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1994,96(6):3733-3743.
11 Wu T W.A Direct Boundary Element Method for Acoustic Radiation and Scattering from Mixed Regular and thin Bodies[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1995,97(6):84-91.
12 Martinez R.The Thin-Shape Breakdown(TSB) of the Helmholtz Integral Equation[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1991,90(5):2728-2738.
13 冯培元,徐海亭,牟敦春,赵景姿.水中充气弹性椭圆柱壳上的圆周波[J].声学学报,1982,7(2):94-98.
14 张敬东,何柞镰.有限元十边界元……修正的模态分解法预报水下旋转薄壳的振动和声辐射[J].声学学报,1990,15(1):12-19.
15 张敬东.水下任意形状旋转薄壳振动和辐射声的时域研究[J].声学学报,1990,15(5):384-388.
16 刘国利,汤渭霖.平面声波斜入射到水中无限长圆柱壳体的纯弹性共振散射声学学报[J].1996,21(5):805-814.
17 周其斗.细长壳体水声辐射问题的有限元结合边界元解法[J].海军工程学院学报,1996,2:35-44.
18 梁以德,吴国荣,钟伟芳,吴永东.含裂纹弹性结构对声散射作用研究[J].固体力学学报,2004,25:11-15.
19 刘镇清 边界元法用于兰姆波与表面缺陷相互作用的研究[J].无损检测,2003,25:17-21.
20 Skudrzy E.The Foundation of Acoustics[M]Spring-Verlag,New York,1971.
1 丁玉兰.机械设备故障诊断技术[M].上海科学技术文献出版社,1994.
2 刘效尧,蔡键等.桥梁损伤诊断[M].人民交通出版社,2002.
3 Veksler N D.Sound Wave Scattering by Circular Cylindrical Shells[J].Wave Motion,1986,8:525-536.
4 Rozhdestvenskii K N,Tolokonnikov L A.Acoustic scattering by an elastic spheroid[J].Soviet Physics Acoustics,1990,36(5):515-516.
5 Norton G V,Werby M F.A numerical technique to describe acoustical scattering and propagation from an object in a waveguide[J].Journal of application of physics,1991,70:4101-4112.
6 闫再友,严明,姜楫等.无界流场中弹性壳体声散射和声辐射综述[J].振动与冲击,1998, 17(4):30-34.
7 Dooyle P A,Scala C M.Crack Depth Measurement by Ultrasonics:A.Review[J].Ultrasonics,1978,16:164-170.
8 Achenbach J D,Gautesen A K,Mendelsohn D A.Ray Analysis of Surface-Wave Interaction with an Edge Crack[J].IEEE Sonics Ultrasonic,1980,27:124-129.
9 Skudrzy E.The Foundation of Acoustics[M].Spring-Yerlag,New York,1971.
10 石顺祥,刘继芳,孙艳珍 编著.光的电磁理论[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2006.
1 Takahi H,Masayuki O,and Kiichiro M.Acoustic radiation pressure on a rigid sphere in a spherical wave field[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980,67(3):770-773.
2 Rozhdestvenskii K N,Tolokonnikov L A.Acoustic scattering by an elastic spheroid[J].Soviet Physics Acoustics,1990,36(5):515-516.
3 Norton G V,Werby M F.A numerical technique to describe acoustical scattering and propagation from an object in a waveguide[J].Journal of application of physics,1991,70:4101-4112.
4 Junger M C.Sound Scattering by Thin Elastic Shells[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1952,24:366-373.
5 Murphy J,George J,Nagl A,Uberall H.Isolation of the Resonant Components in Acoustic Scattering from Fluid Loaded Elastic Spherical Shells[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1979,65:368-373.
6 汤渭霖.声纳目标回波的亮点模型[J].声学学报,1994,19(2):92-100.
7 商德江,何祚镛.加肋双层圆柱壳振动声辐射数值计算分析[J].声学学报,2001,26(3):193-201.
8 Estorff O V.Boundary element in acoustics(advances and applications)[M].Southampton,Wessex Institute of Technology,2000.
9 Wu T W.Boundary Element Acoustics,Fundamentals and Computer Codes[M].Southampton,WIT press,2000.
10 商德江,何柞镛.加肋双层圆柱壳振动声辐射数值计算分析[J].声学学报,2001,26(3):193-201.
11 张敬东,何祚镛.有限元+边界元--修正的模态分解法预报水下旋转薄壳的振动和声辐射[J].声学学报,1990,15(1):12-19.
12 黎胜.水下结构声辐射和声传输的数值分析及主动控制模拟研究[D].大连理工大学博士学位论文,2001.
13 徐张明,汪玉等.船舶结构的建模及水下振动和辐射噪声的FEM/BEM计算[J].船舶力学,2002,6(4):89-95.
14 赵翔,谢壮宁,黄幼玲.自由场结构体声辐射研究[J].声学学报,1994,19(1):22-31.
15 李小瑜,傅志方.结构振动辐射声场的预估--边界积分方程中奇异积分的间接处理[J].振动工程学报,1989,2(1):59-65.
16 Seybert A F,Soenarko B,Rizzo F J,Shippy D J.An advanced computational method for radiation and scattering of acoustic waves in three dimensions[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1985,77(2):362-368.
17 Seybert A F,Soenarko B,Rizzo F J and Shippy D J.Application of the BIE method to sound radiation problems using an isoparametric element[J].Transactions of the ASME,1984,106(3):414-420.
18 Seybert A F,Wu T W,Li W L.A coupled FEM/BEM for fluid-structure interaction using Ritz vectors and eigenvectors[J].Transactions of the ASME,1993,115(2):152-158.
19 Seybert A F,Soenarko B.Radiation and scattering of acoustic waves from bodies of arbitrary shape in a three-dimensional half space[J].Transactions of the ASME,1988,110(1):112-117.
20 邹元杰,赵德有,黎胜.自由液面和刚性壁面对结构振动声辐射的影[J].声学学报,2005,30(1):89-96.
21 Beranek L.Acoustic Measurements[M].John Wiley & Sons,New York,1949.
22 Tarawneh C W.Experimental Analysis of Near-field Acoustic Scattering by rigid spheroidal Objects[D].University of Nebraska,2003.
23 Danila E B,Conoir J M,Pareige P.Multi-channel resonant scattering theory applied to the acoustic scattering by an eccentric elastic cylindrical shell immersed in a fluid [J].Wave motion,1988,28:297-318.
24 孙广荣,范鹤年.交通噪声模型试验新方法[J].南京大学学报,1994,30(1):42-47.
25 王小鹏,陈天宇,黄协清,于刚华.声屏障声学特性的模型试验研究[J].噪声与振动控制,2002,6:42-44.
26 杜功焕,朱哲民,龚秀芬.声学基础.南京大学出版社.2001
1 Beranek L L,Ve'r IL.Noise and vibration control engineering[M].Wiley&Inter-science,New York,1992.
2 Takashi I,Kyoji F.Performance of noise barriers with various edge shapes and acoustical conditions[J].Applied Acoustics,2004,65:125-141.
3 Okubo T,Kyoji F,Effeciency of a Noise Barrier on the Ground with an Acousitically soft Cylindrical Edge[J].Journal of sound and vibration,1998,216(5):771-790.
4 Hothersall D C,Chandler-Wilde S N,Hajmirzae M N.Efficiency of single noise barriers[J].Journal of sound and vibration,1991,146:330-322.
5 Lam Y W.Using Maekawa' s chart to calculate finite length barrier insertion loss[J].Applied Acoustic,1994,42:29-40.
6 Muradali A,Fyfe K R.A study of 2D and 3D barrier insertion loss using improved diffraction-based methods[J].Applied Acoustic.1998,53:49-75.
7 Terai T.On calculation of sound fields around three-dimensional objects by integral equation methods[J].Journal of sound and vibration.1980,69:71-100.
8 Kawai Y,Terai T.The application of integral equation methods to the calculation of sound attenuation by barriers[J].Applied Acoustic.1990,31:101- 17.
9 Duhamel D.Efficient calculation of the three-dimensional sound pressure field around a noise barrier[J].Journal of sound and vibration.1996,197(5):547-71.
10 Duhamel D,Sergent P.Sound propagation over noise barriers with absorbing ground [J].Journal of sound and vibration.1998,218(5):799- 823. [J].Journal of sound and vibration.1998,218(5):799- 823.
11 Godinho L,Anto'nio J,Tadeu A.3D sound scattering by rigid barriers in the vicinity of tall buildings[J].Applied Acoustic.2001,62(11):1229-48.
12 孙广荣,范鹤年.交通噪声模型试验新方法[J].南京大学学报,1994,30(1):42-47.
13 王小鹏,陈天宇,黄协清,于刚华.声屏障声学特性的模型试验研究[J].噪声与振动控制,2002,6:42-44.
14 朱晓天,候秋文.脉冲法对隔声屏障顶端式样的衍射分析[J].环境工程,2006,24(3):54-57.
15 Pirinchieva R.Model study of the sound propagation behind barriers of the length[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1990,87(5):2109-2113.