摘要
服装供应链涉及从原料供给、纺纱、织布、印染、后整理、裁剪、缝制、整烫、打包、批发和零售等多个环节,产业链长,职能部门多,并且服装市场受流行趋势的影响较大,产品变动性大,是一种典型的短生命周期产品,除了明显的季节性需求外,预测需求也很难把握,并日益表现出个性化、小批量、多品种的特点。因而,市场的快速变化导致我国服装企业普遍存在库存高和客户满足率低的问题。快速响应是解决这一问题的一种切实可行的方法。
然而,传统的服装供应链由于链上企业的各个信息系统独自为政、生产部门的生产计划和控制系统的结构相对固定、企业间甚至部门间信息系统不兼容,这都制约了供应链的各种响应机制的实施。因此,要实现快速响应,打破各个信息系统的信息“壁垒”,实现信息的快速、无障碍传输、业务处理能力的广泛共享是基本的信息保障。
web服务能够在Internet环境下实现合作伙伴的系统之间的自主式的系统集成。一方面系统将自身的商务功能封装成一个个独立的web服务,并发布到UDDI服务注册中心上,以便潜在的企业级客户能方便地发现并与之进行集成。另一方面,能够从UDDI(?)服务注册中心查找到潜在的供应商,并能方便、迅速地集成来自不同供应商的诸如订单处理服务、款式设计服务、客户支持服务等,方便地快速重组供应链或生产流程工艺,而无需考虑这些功能的具体实现细节。web服务的这些特性可以方便地在充分重用已有的信息系统的基础上,开发新的业务功能,极大地保护了已有信息化投资的价值,为信息化水平较低的中小服装企业信息提供了新的策略,同时,也为信息及业务的按需快速重构提供的技术保障,这些都为需求信息在供应链中通畅、快速传递、广泛共享、协同快速反应奠定了基础。
基于web服务技术的服装供应链快速响应系统就是通过运用web服务及相关技术,优化服装供应链的信息处理流程,使供应链上的所有信息系统能在来自客户的需求驱动下,方便快速地按需实现分布在各个服装企业的信息资源和流程快速整合集成,实现联合业务计划、需求预测/计划和供应能力在整个供应链上的透明与共享,协同预测、计划和协同决策。
总结起来,论文的主要研究工作如下：
(1)基于信息处理的视角分析服装供应链的快速响应过程
从响应的基本过程出发,系统地分析了服装供应链快速响应的信息处理过程,并探讨了信息处理过程中各个环节所面临的问题。并由此得到服装供应链快速响应的信息处理过程模型。
(2)从多视角给出了实现服装供应链快速响应系统的信息架构
以服装供应链快速响应的信息处理过程为基础,首先分析了服装供应链的快速响应对于信息集成系统提出的要求,然后,结合web服务技术、基于UDDI的信息发布和发现机制,web服务QoS等,探索了服装供应链信息共享模式和快速响应的信息集成系统理论框架。从系统的功能视图、资源视图、组织视图以及过程视图等多视角对该集成系统进行了诠释。
(3)研究服装供应链快速响应信息集成系统中web服务的组织、设计与实现
从支持服装供应链快速响应的信息集成系统的最小单位——web服务资源出发,分类汇总了该信息集成系统中需要构建的基本服务的类型,各类服务的设计,服务的实现,服务的封装和管理。并通过实例说明服务之间的操作流程,验证web服务的信息集成方式对于服装供应链快速响应的推动作用。
(4)从服务的QoS角度研究了在接收到来自客户的需求信息后,服装供应链节点企业的快速发现和基于偏好相似的按需节点企业推荐算法
从服务的QoS出发,首先给出了服装节点企业QoS的概念,然后从QoS的数据来源,QoS的描述形式,QoS数据的调整模型以及QoS规范化处理的角度,对服装企业QoS进行了细致的分析,然后给出了服装供应链对于节点企业QoS需求配置,最后给出了以QoS为基础的,基于偏好相似的节点企业的推荐和供应链的推荐算法,为服装供应链快速按需选择节点企业和供应链的按需快速重组提供了理论支持。
论文的创新主要体现在以下几个方面：
(1)基于信息处理的系统分析方法认识服装供应链的快速响应过程。现有关于服装供应链快速响应的认识多数是从管理学角度,从实现快速响应的各种策略着手展开的研究。本文以实现快速响应的信息系统为研究对象,从信息处理过程的视角对服装供应链的快速响应进行系统分析,对快速响应过程的认识更全面也更系统。
(2)将web服务架构与服装供应链的快速响应实现机制有机结合。在系统认识服装供应链快速响应的信息处理流程的基础上,以提高服装供应链的快速信息获取、快速信息感知和快速信息处理为目标,构建了基于web服务的服装供应链快速响应信息系统架构,从架构的功能视角、资源视角、组织视角和过程视角分别呈现出该系统的体系结构。
(3)提出了基于偏好推荐的服装供应链快速组织和服装节点企业的快速推荐模型。在基于UDDI服务发现机制的基础上,通过借助扩展的服务QoS信息,描述节点企业来自自身发布的信息、第三方监控信息和合作伙伴的评价信息,在此基础上,提出了基于偏好的节点企业推荐算法和基于直觉模糊数的节点企业综合评价算法。最后给出了实现节点企业快速选择策略的系统架构。
The problem of the coexistence of high inventory and low customer service level has been long perplexing most apparel enterprises in China. The causes of the problem may be concluded as the extra length of the apparel supply chain and the changing nature of the apparel market. The supply chain involves a great number of function departments and as many links as supply of raw materials, spinning, weaving, dyeing, after-finishing, tailoring, sewing, ironing, packing, wholesaling and retailing. Besides, closely influenced by the fashion trends, the apparel has to change after a certain period of time, putting it into the short-life-cycle product catalogue. In addition to the variety of needs in different seasons, it is also hard to predict customers' demands, which are becoming increasingly individualized, small in quantities and diversified in assortments. A feasible way to effectively solve the problem is quick response.
However, its realization is not an easy job. The production planning of the production departments and the organization of control systems are relatively fixed and hard to change. What is worse, the information systems of relevant enterprises on the apparel supply chain, even those of the departments within one enterprise, all work in their own way and are not incompatible with each other. Therefore, to realize quick response, the basic information assurance should be reached, by breaking the information barriers of the information systems, transferring information in a fast and smooth way, and widely sharing of the transaction processing functions.
In the circumstances of the Internet, Web services can help to realize autonomous system integration among information systems of business partners. An enterprise system can encapsulate its business functions into independent web services and release them onto the UDDI for future enterprise clients to find and integrate with. On the other hand, they can find latent supplier enterprises on the UDDI and integrate suppliers'services, such as order processing, style designing, customer supporting in a fast and convenient way without any bothering about details. These unique characteristics of the web services, on the basis of the full use of the already existing information systems, can help systems, while enormously protecting the value of the existing information investments, develop new business functions, thus providing new strategies for garment enterprises of middle to small scales, who suffer low level of informatization. Meanwhile, web services can provide technical support for quick demand-based information reconfiguration and business reconfiguration. All these help to lay foundations for the fast and smooth transmission, wide sharing, and fast collaborative reaction of demands information.
The quick response system of the apparel supply system based on web services, by applying web services and relevant technology, aims to optimize the information processing on the supply chain and to enable all the information systems on the chain, in a fast, convenient and demanded-based way, to realize fast integration of all the information resources and processes of every relevant enterprise, thus to realize transparency and sharing of CPFR, demands prediction/planning, supply capacity, collaborative forecast, planning, and collaborative decision-making.
The main research work of the thesis can be summarized as follows:
(1) Has analyzed the quick response process of the apparel supply chain from the perspective of information processing.
Proceeding from the basic course of response, the thesis has made a systematic analysis of the quick response in the information processing of the apparel supply chain, and made a thorough discussion of the problems confronting every link in the information processing, thus getting a model for quick response in information processing of the apparel supply chain.
(2) Has provided multiple-view information architecture to realize the quick response system in the apparel supply chain.
In accordance with the information processing for quick response of apparel supply chain, the thesis, after analyzing the requirements to information integration system by the quick response in the apparel supply chain, has explored, by combining web services technology and UDDI-based information releasing and discovering mechanism, an information sharing model of the apparel supply chain and a theoretical framework for the information integration system. And then an interpretation of that integration system has been made from the function view, resourse view, organization view, and process view of that integration system.
(3) Has studied the organizing, designing and realizing of the web services in the quick-response information integration system of the apparel supply chain.
Proceeding from the web service resources, the smallest unit that supports the quick-response information integration system of the apparel supply chain, the thesis has made a thorough sorting of all the basic services that need to be constructed in the information integration system, and interpreted the design, realization, encapsulation and management of every sort of services. Furthermore, the thesis, by explaining the operation process among services through examples, has testified the driving impact of the information integrating pattern in web services in quick response in apparel supply chain.
(4) Has studied a fast-recommend algorithm for node enterprise of apparel products, which is based on an analysis of QoS of web service, node enterprises'preference and customer demands.
The thesis, proceeding from the QoS of web service, has put forward the source of QoS of node enterprise, presentation, normalization and adjustment model of QoS, and then made a richly detailed analysis on QoS. Then a QoS configuration based on customers' demands is given. Thereafter, based the QoS, a fast-recommend algorithm is put forward, which is in accordance with customers' preferences and evaluative value of comprehensive evaluation degree of node enterprises, thus providing new strategies to fast meet customers' demands.
The innovation of the thesis is represented in the following aspects:
1) The thesis, from the perspective of the systematic analysis based on information processing, has made an exploration in the quick response process research on apparel supply chain. Currently, the quick response process research of apparel supply chain is mainly in the light of the general management and the quick-response realizing strategies. However, the thesis has focused on the implementation of information system of apparel quick response, made more comprehensive and systematic analysis on the apparel supply chain quick response process based on its information processing flow.
2) The thesis has made a combination between web service architecture and the apparel supply chain quick response mechanism. According to the information processing systematic analysis of the apparel supply chain quick response process,the thesis, thus, has put forward an organizational and systematic architecture for quick response system of the apparel supply chain and presented an entire scene of the information system integration organization from the perspective of the functions, resouces, organizations as well as processes to promote the ability of information acquirement, perception and treatment supporting the quick response of the apparel supply chain.
3) The thesis, based on an analysis of Similar Preference, has presented a fast-recommend algorithm for node enterprise of apparel supply chain. Through the extended service of QoS on the basis of UDDI service discovery, the thesis has integrated the information released by the node enterpises and the third monitoring groups as well as the comments from the cooperative partners. Thus, has achieved a comprehensive node enterpise evaluation algorithm based on the node enterpise preference algorithm and intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Finally, the thesis has given out a systematic architecture for the node enterpise selection strategy.
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