摘要
灌区量水作为灌区水资源优化配置和现代化管理的基本手段,正日益得到普遍重视。近几年来,随着经济自立灌排区的试点和推广,使得灌区的量水任务更加繁重;同时,对灌区的量水建筑物提出了更高的要求。
在农业灌溉和工业及生活取水明渠计量中,如何进一步提高测量精度、扩大测量范围以及增强量水设施的排污排沙能力等都需进行深入研究。本文结合长喉道量水槽和无喉道量水槽在四川省升钟灌区南充干渠上的设计应用,在现有量水设施的基础上提出了一种新的适于矩形渠道的V形直壁式量水槽,并对其进行了理论分析、模型试验和数值模拟研究。主要研究成果和结论如下:
(1)对现有量水设施的研究现状进行了较为系统的总结和归纳。
(2)对长喉道和无喉道量水槽在升钟灌区南充干渠上的应用进行了设计研究。
(3)利用临界水深理论,结合能量方程对新型的V形直壁式量水槽的量水原理进行了理论分析,并推导出了相应的流量计算公式。通过模型试验,对V形直壁式量水槽体型进行了优化,并率定了理论公式中的流量系数的关系式。实测表明,V形直壁式量水槽的测流关键是在喉道段形成临界水深;当体型确定之后,根据上游行近断面的水深,就可以用理论公式算出此时通过量水槽的实际流量。
Irrigation area water measurement, which is the basal means of optimized collocation and modern management of water resource in irrigation area, is getting hold of recognition. In these years, along with experimental units and extension of self-financing irrigation and drainage district, the assignment of water measurement becomes heavier. At the same time, the request to structures of water weasurement is higher.
According to agricultural irrigation and water used to industry and living, the precision of water measurement in open channel is needed to be advanced, the same as measuring range and silt discharge capacity of establishment. Basing on the designment and application of usual measuring flume to Nan Chong Channel, which is one of channels of Sheng Zhong irrigation district in Sichuan, a new measuring flume of V-shape straight wall type, which is used to rectangular channel, is put forward. The new measuring flume is studied by theory, experimental investigation and numerical simulation. The main contents and conclusions are as follow:
(1)The current fruit of measuring establishment is concluded by the numbers.
(2) The application of long gorge water measuring flume and gorgeless water measuring flume to Nan Chong Channel of Sheng Zhong irrigation district is studied.
(3) Making use of critical water depth theory and energy equation, the principle of new measruing flume is analyzed theoretically, and the formula used to calculate
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