摘要
信息化战争条件下,为了对抗电磁脉冲武器及雷达侦察监视技术对指挥防护工程生存造成的严重威胁,克服当前防护工程电磁防护方面存在的问题,开展了此项新型电磁防护材料研究。本文是作者在带领课题组工作中所开展的研究工作。本文分别在吸波材料基础理论研究、测试技术、电磁吸波混凝土研制等方面取得了突破性和创新性成果。论文的具体研究内容和取得的主要成果如下：
1)详细分析了当前防护工程在电磁脉冲防护和雷达隐身等方面存在的主要问题,提出了解决问题的方法与对策,确立了本文的研究思路。2)从平面电磁波在吸波材料传播的Maxwell方程出发,推导了材料宏观电磁参数达到阻抗匹配的条件,提出了电磁吸波材料阻抗匹配条件的一个关系式。该匹配关系式指出了材料达到匹配的条件,为高性能吸波材料研制提供了基本依据。3)首次应用电磁场时域有限差分算法(FDTD)分别结合遗传算法(GA)与粒子群优化算法(PSO),研究了混合介质等效电磁参数与组分电磁参数之间的关系,得到了混合材料等效电磁参数的计算方法,与传统结构相关公式和经验公式相比,该方法具有更高的计算精度和更宽的适用频段。在此基础上编制了计算机优化辅助设计软件,达到了对吸波材料计算机辅助设计的目的。4)研制了一套适合材料电磁屏蔽性能、反射特性、电磁参数测试的测试系统,包括雷达吸波材料弓形反射率测试系统、矩形同轴测试系统、波导测试系统和带法兰的同轴探头测试系统,对其测试方法进行了研究。5)提出了通过材料反射率的谐振特性测量电磁参数的一种新的自由空间法,这是对非磁性材料电磁参数测试方法的丰富和突破。6)研究了电磁吸波混凝土的作用机理,揭示了材料的吸波机理,提出了完善材料特性的方法和措施。由此,给出了工程上选用低成本、高效能电磁吸波与屏蔽材料的原则与方法,并结合工程实际,给出了一种快速选材的方法。7)研制了一种电磁吸波混凝土材料。该材料结构与功能一体化,集电磁屏蔽、雷达隐身功能和建筑结构于一体,能够起到工程整体电磁脉冲防护,提高地下空间利用率,降低雷达侦察暴露征候的作用。具有显著的军事、经济和社会效益显著。8)在材料研制中,详细研究了影响材料电磁吸波特性和强度的各项因素。在电磁吸波混凝土的研究中,通过采用骨料电磁吸波矿物材料,成功解决了吸波混凝土材料电磁特性和力学性能兼顾的技术难题；通过材料配方和表面成型技术等,成功解决了普通屏蔽材料电磁反射率高的技术难题；通过材料复合技术和材料设计,研究解决了混凝土类材料全频谱范围的电磁屏蔽问题；研究了电磁吸波混凝土在工程实际应用关心的问题,有效解决了其耐腐蚀性、长期稳定性、耐久性问题和安全性问题,使电磁吸波混凝土的使用寿命与普通混凝土相同,而且性能稳定,使用不受限制。研究解决了电磁吸波混凝土施工工艺技术问题,使其与普通混凝土具有相同的工艺,方便了应用,降低了成本。9)对电磁吸波混凝土与碳纤维混凝土、碳粉类混凝土等做了综合效益对比分析,表明其性能、综合效益等方面都具备优越性。
Under the informationization warfare condition, for antagonizing serious threaten caused by electromagnetic pulse weapon and radar scouting technique to the survival of the protective engineering, overcoming the existing problems in the field of EMP protection, the new electromagnetic protective material technique is studied. This paper is author's production in the course of guiding task. The breakthrough and innovative achievements in the field of the basic theory of radar absorbing materials, testing techniques and development of electromagnetic absorbing concrete have obtained. The specific thesis research content and main achievements are as follows:
1. Detailed analysis of the problems existing in the stealth and electromagnetic pulse protection of the protective engineering is worked. The solutions and measures are proposed. The idea of this study is established.2. The impedance matching condition of macro electromagnetic parameters of materials is deduced from the Maxwell equation of the plane electromagnetic wave pread in the absorbing materials, a new impedance matching condition on the electromagnetic absorbing material is brought foreword. The impedance matching condition indicates conditions of achieving impedance matching, provides the basis for the development of high-performance absorbing material.3. The electromagnetic fields finite difference time domain method (FDTD) separately combined with genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is first applicated to study the relationship of the equivalent electromagnetic parameters between a mixed medium and compositions materials. The calculation method of equivalent electromagnetic parameters of mixed medium is obtained, and has higher accuracy and wider application spectrum compared with the traditional formula and empirical formula. On this basis, a computer-aided design optimization software is developed to computer-aided design for the purpose of absorbing material.4. A set of the suitable materials test systems for electromagnetic shielding, reflection characteristics, electromagnetic parameters are developed such as radar absorbing materials bow reflectivity testing system, rectangular coaxial test system, waveguide test system and coaxial probe with flange test system. The respectively testing methods were studied.5. A new free-space method of measurement of electromagnetic parameters by the resonant characteristics of material reflectance in the free space is proposed, which is rich and make a breakthrough at test method of non-magnetic material electromagnetic parameters.6. The process mechanism of electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete is studied and revealed. Further, the improving the material properties of the methods and measures is proposed. Thus, the principles and methods selected low-cost, high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing and shielding raw is also given. And base on engineering practice, a method of quick selecting raw is given.7. It is developed the electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete with integration of structure and function, such as electromagnetic shielding, radar stealth and building structural material. It can play important role in the whole electromagnetic pulse protection, and improving utilization of underground space, and reducing symptoms of exposure to the radar surveillance, which has significant military, economic and social benefit.8. During materials development, the detailed factors impacted material electromagnetic wave absorbing properties and strength are studied. And by the use of coarse aggregate of electromagnetic absorbing mineral materials, the technical difficulties in concordance between electromagnetic properties and mechanical properties of electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete are successfully resolved. The technical difficulty of common Electromagnetic shielding materials with high reflectivity is successfully soluted by material preparation and surface molding technology. The technical difficulty of electromagnetic shielding under the full spectrum range of concrete-like materials is solved by composite technologies and materials design. The problems concerned in the practical engineering such as corrosion resistance, long-term stability, durability and material security issues of this materials are effective soluted, so that the electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete has a life as same as ordinary concrete's and stable performance, using unrestricted. The problem of construction technology of this material is studied and solved to make it with the same process of ordinary concrete and to reduce costs.9. A synthesis benefits analysis among electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete and carbon fiber reinforced concrete, carbon powder concrete and so on indicates this material have advantages in the field of its performance, synthesis benefits and other aspects.
引文
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