摘要
警察权在广义的范围内是指国家通过法律赋予警察机构的一切权力,包括履行行政管理职能和履行刑事司法职能中行使的所有权力。狭义的方面,一般是指国家赋予警察机关在进行警察行政管理过程中所运用的权力,即警察行政权,本文所说的警察权主要是指狭义的警察权。警察作为与公民接触最为密切的行政机关,在应对现实生活中涉及公民财产权的问题时,二者总会产生矛盾与冲突,从而加剧民众与警察的矛盾。而其中最主要的就是警察行政自由裁量权的滥用对公民财产权带来的危害,一些警察滥用权力行为不仅会对社会安定和谐造成一定的消极影响,甚至有些行为还会导致民众对警察制度乃至对整个司法制度的不信任。如何将警察权力的行使纳入完善的法律框架下进行有效规制,这在理论和实践方面都具有重要意义。本文主要通过对警察行政自由裁量权在涉及公民财产中行使的现状进行研究并对此进行分析,同时借鉴国外一些研究成果与经验,提出完善我国警察行政自由裁量权行使机制的建议。文章首先从语义分析入手,提出警察行政自由裁量权的概念以此作为本书的理论基点,并对其权力基础理论进行阐述,使对警察行政自由裁量权概念及存在有比较全面而又深刻的理解;在此基础上对警察行政自由裁量权在涉及公民财产权行使权力时所产生的问题以及原因分析,进一步说明完善警察行政自由裁量权对公民财产权保护具有重要意义,以及从理论和实践两方面来论证完善警察行政自由裁量权行使机制的必要性和可行性。最后,针对警察行政自由裁量权行使中所存在的问题,提出解决问题的途径,为警察执法建言献策。同时,本文虽立足物权法这一视角,只涉及警察行政自由裁量权对财产的行使,但希望以小见大,对此得出的结论同样适用整个警察执法过程,最终达到完善警察权力行使机制的目的。
In broad range, the police power means all the power belonging to police authority and given by the national law, which includes all the power in performing administrative functions and fulfilling the criminal justice functions. The narrow sense of police power, also called police administrative power, is usually given by state, and used in the administrative process by the police authorities. What the thesis says is the one. As a close contact with the citizens, the police always confront with the conflicts between the police power and the private rights, especially in dealing with the real property rights’cases, which will probably intensify the conflicts between the general public and police. The mainly result is the damage to citizens' property due to the abuse of the police’s administrative discretion ,which brings negative impact on the social stability and harmony, and even results in the people’s distrust to the police institution and judicial system. In this situation, how to keep the police power carried out effectively under a perfect legal framework is extremely significant in both theoretical and practical angle. The purpose of the thesis is to give some proposals to improve our police administrative discretion excising mechanism through ways of analyzing the current situation of police’administrative discretion and learning from foreign studies and practice. The thesis is divided into four chapters as follows, the first chapter is about the concept and theoretical basis of the police administrative discretion, which will let us get more comprehensive and profound understanding of the concept and the value which it exist; The second chapter is mainly analyzing the problems in dealing with the situation related to citizen property rights and finding the reason of them, which can further explain the necessity and realistic significance to improve the exercising of police administrative discretion;Based on real right perspective, the third chapter tries to demonstrate the necessity and practicability to improve exercise mechanism of the police administrative discretion in theoretical and practical aspects. Improve the police administrative discretion mechanism, which are perfecting legislation, improving the quality of police who are the law enforcement body, establishing a system of internal constraint mechanism and the relief mechanism also. art by Semantic analysis ,the article use the concept of the administrative discretion as it's theory' foundation ,and on the theory 'foundation of power,in order to make a more comprehensive and profound understanding. On the basis of it , anglicizing the reasons and results that administrative discretion in dealing with the citizens' property rights, further explanation it is significant to improve the administrative discretion of citizens' property rights protection .And argument the necessity and practicability of perfecting the mechanism of exercising police's administrative discretion ,from theory and practice two aspects. At last, proposed the ways to solve the problems that existing at exercising it ,give my suggestions to improve police' enforcement. At the same time although the based on the perspective of property rights ,only referring police' administrative discretion in dealing with property rights ,but i hope to know the autumn by one leaf, the conclusion get from it can apply the whole process of police' enforcement, in order to perfect the mechanism of exercising the police administrative discretion.
引文
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①徐文鑫.警政革新与警察裁量权之规范[D].北京:中国政法大学,2007.
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②有些书中用的是“公安自由裁量权”这一概念,笔者认为虽然公安自由裁量权与警察行政自由裁量权有一定的重合范围,但还是有所区别的,本文用警察行政自由裁量权这一词较为精准。
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①沈承祖.公安行政法学[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006:57.
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①K. C. Davis, Discretionary justice: A Preliminary Inquiry, Louisiana State University Press,1969, p. 55; C f. Carol Harlow&Rawlings,op.Cif.,p.104.
②高秦伟.行政法规范解释论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008:135.
③赵正群.行政法判例研究[J].法学研究,2003,25(1):17-19.
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①余凌云.法院如何发展行政法[M].中国社会科学,2008,83(1):56-57.
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[3]中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局.马克思恩格斯选集[M].北京;人民出版社,1972:166.
[4]许韬,张俊霞,余湘青,李亮.中外警察法比较研究.[M].北京:中国检察出版社,2009:1.
[5]康大民.公安论[M].北京:群众出版社,1998:63.
[6]中国社科院语言所词典编辑室.现代汉语词典[M].北京:商务印书馆,1996:434.
[7]惠生武.警察法论纲[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000:128.
[8]翁岳生.行政法与现代法治国家[M].台北:台湾祥新印刷有限公司,l900:40
[9] [英]戴维·米勒,韦农·波格丹诺.邓布莱克威尔政治学百科全书[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1992:12.
[10]魏继华.<治安管理处罚法>理解与探究[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2008:102.
[11]胡建淼.公权力研究—立法权·行政权·司法权[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2005:235.
[12]西方法律思想史编写组.西方法律思想史资料选编[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1983:953.
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[15]沈承祖.公安行政法学[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006:206.
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[30] R . Pound,Jurisprudence,Harvard University Press,1959,P. 355.
[31] K. C. Davis,Discretionary justice:A Preliminary Inquiry,University of Illinois Press,1971,p. 52.
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[33] K. C. Davis,Discretionary justice:A Preliminary Inquiry,Louisiana State University Press,1969, p. 55; C f. Carol Harlow&Rawlings,op.Cif.,p.104.
[1]陈兴良.限权与分权:刑事法治视野中的警察权[J].法律科学,2001,37(1):52—53.
[2]朱苏力.论法院的审判职能与行政管理[J].中外法学,1999,50(5):36-46.
[3]刘武俊.发挥信访作用构建和谐社会[EB/OL].http://www.fsonline.com.cn/.2006-3-24/2010-2-23.
[4]孙先伍、杨华权.浅析美国警察自由裁量权[J].上海公安高等专科学校学2007,20(1):30-32.
[5]张成福.论公共行政的公共精神——兼对主流公共行政理论及其实践的反思[J].中国行政管理,1995,45(5):40-45.
[6]姚华.论行政法治原则中的警察自由裁量权[J].甘肃政法成人教育学院学报,2005,36(1):53-54.
[7]徐文鑫.警政革新与警察裁量权之规范[D].北京:中国政法大学,2007.
[8]张韵声、王锴.比较法视野中的征用补偿——兼论我国征用补偿制度的完善[J].宪法学与行政法学,2006,45(3:):32-34.
[9]周星亮.浙江金华公安自我削权彰显合理行政[N].法制日报,2005—10—20(10).
[10]王锡锌.自由裁量权基准:技术的创新还是误用[EB/OL].http://law.china.cn/features/2010-03/29/content_3437821.htm,2010-03-29 /2011-4-1.