舰船运动下舰载机阻拦着舰动力学分析与仿真
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摘要
航空母舰迄今为止已有80多年的历史,特别是在近年来的几次现代化局部战争中,航空母舰及舰载机成为取得战争胜利的关键手段。作为航空母舰的主要攻击力量,舰载机与陆基飞机相比最显著的特点是弹射起飞和阻拦着舰。舰载机着舰时将产生很大的冲击载荷,安全着舰是最困难的任务之一。舰载机的着舰环境十分恶劣:有限的着舰空间,舰体的运动,舰尾气流的扰动等不确定性因素都不利于舰载机的安全着舰。围绕这些问题开展了以下几方面的研究:
     1.以舰船运动的切片理论为基础,应用时域模拟方法研究迎浪舰船在规则波和长峰不规则波作用下的运动问题;基于舰船垂荡、纵摇与横摇的之间的耦合作用;建立了舰船非线性微分方程,应用线性叠加法模拟舰船在长峰不规则波中的波浪干扰力和初稳性变化。在合理的理论模型基础上,自行研究开发了一套软件,并以具体算例研究了规则波情况下的波高,波长,航速以及遭遇频率和舰船运动固有频率之间的关系,并且分析了舰船运动在垂荡、纵摇与横摇时的位移、速度和加速度。
     2.舰载机着舰阻拦后的受力状态是非常复杂的,舰载机受力的数学模型和阻拦系统的数学模型是两个相互独立的部分,二者通过阻拦钩与阻拦索的啮合联系起来,基于以上情况本文提出了一种新的舰载机阻拦着舰动力学模型。以MK7-3阻拦系统为例,以本文建立的数学模型为基础,在考虑舰载机阻拦着舰(对称和非对称)的动态响应情况下,通过仿真计算与MIL-STD-2066中曲线及数据进行对比,对建立的数学模型进行了仿真校验,并给出了阻拦力与舰载机重量、着舰速度及阻拦系统的关系。
     3.通过对阻拦系统的分析,提出了一种四节点阻拦索单元有限元模型,并采用三次多项式作为位移插值函数,推导了形函数的具体表达式,基于Lagrangian轴向应变的定义建立了单元的几何关系。接着基于U.L坐标描述,从虚功原理出发推导出单元的平衡方程和单元切线刚度矩阵,形成整体结构的平衡方程和总切线刚度矩阵。同时运用ANSYS有限元数值模拟软件,把阻拦索离散后通过三维杆单元Link10和接触单元模拟,仿真得到的应力应变图像与文献进行了对比,验证了模型的正确性。
     4.针对舰载机阻拦着舰可视仿真根据仿真的实时性和交互性的要求,本文确定了系统的设计目标和功能,分析了系统开发的技术路线,提出了仿真演示系统的总体框架,并给出了基于MultiGen Creator和Vega Prime的开发环境。对仿真系统中的三维实体模型和环境进行分析后,给出仿真软件的设计方案,利用MultiGen Creator和VegaPrime建立了三维实体模型和环境模块,包括:航空母舰、舰载机和碰撞模块等。基于Visual Studio对视景仿真驱动程序,实现了舰载机着陆过程的仿真演示。
     综上所述,本文针对舰船运动下舰载机阻拦着舰分析进行了较系统的研究,希望能为工程设计提供参考和帮助。
Aircraft carrier has a developing history of more than80years. Aircraft carrier andcarrier-based airplane have become a key factor of winning especially in recent years' severalmodern local wars. In its various stages of flight, the aircraft is the main attack force. Thenoticeable characteristic of the aircraft is catapult-assisted take-off and arrested deck-landing,which are the main reason of most carrier aircraft' accidents. When the carrier aircraft isarrested in the process of the deck-landing, the serious dynamic loadings which affect thepilots and aircrafts' safety on the aircraft will occur. Landing safety is the most difficulttask.The landing environment of the carrier-based airplane is very tough, because limitedlanding spaces and deck motion together with the airwake disturbance factors have a badeffect on the safety of landing. The following aspects have been researched in detail:
     Firstly, in the present thesis, the motions of the aircraft carrier in regular waves andirregular long-crest waves are investigated by time-domain means. On the base of STFtheory,the non-linear equations of aircraft carrier motions in waves are established bycoupling the heave, roll and pitch motions.The wave-disturbance forces and the metacentricheight fluctuation in the irregular long-crested waves are simulated by the method of linearsuperposition. Based on the theoretical model, computational software is developed and anexample is selected for the following problem. The effects of wave height, wave length,aircraft carrier speed and the relation between wave frequency and aircraft carrier naturefrequency on moving in the regular waves are discussed. When the aircraft carrier is moving,the displacement、velocities and accelerations of the three conditions(the heave, roll andpitch) at specified locations are analysed.
     Secondly, after the carrier aircraft contacts the cable,the loading state will be the mostcomplex and the mathematical model of carrier aircraft is the most complex too. The model isdiveded into two independent parts which constitute the mathematical model of the carrieraircraft and the arresting system. Two parts are connected by the point of the arresting hook ofcarrier aircraft that engages arresting cable.A new mathematical model is the base to analysethe dynamic response of the arrested-landing aircraft. The thesis takes the MK7-3arrestinggear system as example, considering the dynamic response of the arrested-landing aircraft (symmetrical or unsymmetrical). Simulation values are compared with the data and curves ofmilitary standard2066and the mathematical model is validated. The results of simulationindicate that the arresting-force loads are decided by the weight of aircraft, the engagingvelocity and the arresting system and so on.
     Thirdly, on the analysis of the arresting system,The thesis proposes the fimite elementmodel of the arresting cable through widely relative theory, applying cubic multinomial todisplacement function and deducing the expression of the form function and the geometricalrelation of elements on Lagrangian axis. Then the element equation and unit tangent rigidmatrix are deducted on the basis of description of UL coordiate and the principle of virtualwork. The balance equation and the overall tangent rigid matrix are integrated. Furthermore,by using the certain code of ANSYS, The arresting cable is simulated with three dimensionlink element Link10and contact element.The results which are compared with the images ofthe strain and stress in the documents are true.
     Finally, The visible simulation of the aircraft landing is based on the characteristics ofreal-time and interaction. The thesis designs the system target and function, analyzing thetechnology course, providing the system frame and confirming the development environmentswith MultiGen Creator/Vega Prime. The thesis analyzes3D model and environments insystem and induces the blue print,based on the principle of3D modeling and establishing3Dmodel of the system and environments module with MultiGen Creator/Vega Prime, such asthe aircraft carrier module, the aircraft module, the collision module.Based on Visual Studio,scene simulation system demonstrates the process of aircraft landing.
     In conclusion, the analysis of aircraft arrested landing under the motion of the aircraftcarrier have been studied systematically and it will provide useful references to practicalengineering problems.
引文
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