摘要
研究背景：
传承是中医药文化的特色,历代医家对临证经验不断总结,形成独特的学术思想,各有阐发,百花齐放,百家争鸣,薪火相传以不断推动着中医学的发展。岭南伤寒学是中医药学的重要组成部分,始于晋代,至今约一千七百年,古代岭南地处偏隅,发展缓慢,现代岭南医家非常重视先辈学术思想的研究,为岭南伤寒学之传承而掇菁撷华。当代岭南伤寒学家的学术思想和临证经验是中医药学术特色、岭南地域特质的集中体现,相对于浩如烟海的古籍文献而言,更直观,更实效,更贴近名老中医的学术思想,也更具有传承研究价值。在名老中医的指导下,积极整理和研究其学术思想是传承和挖掘中医学精华的重要手段。
张横柳教授从医从教四十四年,善于经典,尤重伤寒,师承岭南伤寒名家何志雄教授,旁纳百家,师于先贤又多有发挥,如先生据以仲景原文、对太阳之气的理解以及自身临证经验的总结,大胆提出肺属太阳论；临证非常重视顾胃存津,认为顾胃存津贯穿于六经证治的始终,提出“变”与“辨”的辨证思路；对痫证、儿童多动症、抑郁症、岭南外感病等的经方证治深有体会,临床疗效显著。张老学验俱丰,德艺双馨,是当代岭南伤寒学的理论家、教育家、临床家,对其学术思想的研究,为当代岭南伤寒学,乃至中医学的继承与发展有着很大的意义。
目的：
全面系统研究张横柳教授对仲景学说的精辟阐发,如对《伤寒论》原文的独到见解、顾胃存津在六经证治中作用、《伤寒论》中阳气与津液的研究、仲景“变”与“辨”的证治思路等,挖掘其学术内涵,继承发扬其学术思想。
总结张横柳教授运用经方治疗痫证、儿童多动症、抑郁症、岭南外感病的临证特色,探索其临证证治规律,裨益后学者。
方法：
运用伤寒学理论和临床研究方法,通过收集整理张横柳教授相关学术文献、采访张老及相关专家,结合中医医史文献、中医各家学说的研究方法对张老学术思想进行深入系统的整理和研究,有利于岭南伤寒学术的传承和发展。
结果：
本研究主要分为三部分：
第一部分：简述张老的学术成才之路。张老1968年广州中医学院(现广州中医药大学)本科(六年)毕业后响应毛主席关于知识分子接受再教育的号召,在广东省恩平县山区大田公社(镇)卫生院开始长达11年的基层临床工作,尽管条件艰苦,但是张老静心安欲,专攻学术,日间工作夜间思,以精洪的医术,高尚的医德名闻当地。1979年,虽已将近不惑之年,但张老为实现其对学术不断追求进取的理想,勤奋刻苦,考上广州中医学院第二届硕士研究生,师承岭南伤寒名家何志雄教授。毕业留校后更是勤耕不辍,钻研经典,其在伤寒学界之成就,以临证疗效而享誉,已然为其精诚济世之高尚情操,精湛技术的回报。工作之余,张老心系基层,带领医疗专家对基层医院进行医疗援助,十余年如一日,无私奉献,“斯世穷耕伤寒论,平生怀抱仁寿图”是其最好的写照。
第二部分：研究张老的学术精华。张老深谙伤寒,融汇百家,立足原著,结合临证实践,提出肺属太阳论,颇有创见,对《伤寒论》中许多存疑之处提出了独到的见解,突破了以经解经之局限,更贴切于仲景的意旨和临床实践,解惑于后学者。张老也详细阐述了论中“胃家实”、“脾家实”、“合病并病”之经旨,重视论中“阳气与津液”的研究,强调顾胃存津贯穿于六经证治的始终,提出“变”与“辨”的证治思路,为当代医家所推崇。
第三部分：总结张老运用六经辨治痫证、儿童多动症、抑郁症、岭南外感病之临证特色,探索其证治规律。
张老从事癫痫的临床实践三十余年,认为脾虚痰阻,营卫不和,阴阳气不相顺接为痫证的基本病机,着眼于痫证的缓解期,从虚论治,以脾虚为本,厥阴风动为标,立益气熄风化痰,调枢机,和营卫为法,化裁柴胡桂枝汤为芪僵柴桂汤,随证治之,创立纯中药抗癫痫医院制剂“痫宁片”,救治痫证近万例,效显而弊微,’实为患者之福,社会之福。
张老根据小儿肝常有余、脾常不足、心火独亢、肾常虚之生理病理特点,结合六经辨证,认为儿童多动症的病因病机以太阳脾虚为本,少阳枢机不利,厥阴风动,少阴热化为标,本虚标实,虚实火杂。。立调和少阳厥阴,补脾益气,滋水涵木,交通心、肾的治法,临证更据以少阳、厥阴、少阴、太阴四经病证之孰轻孰重而各有偏倚,观其兼证,随证加减,效如桴鼓,得到国内外学者的肯定,其发表于《中国中医结合杂志》之《儿童轻微脑功能障碍综合征的中医治疗初探——附100例分析》被美国权威期刊《INDFX MEDICUS》杂志摘录。
张老数十年临证经验,认为容易发生抑脬症的体质特点为木形体质,其病机为少阳厥阴郁结失枢,乘伐脾土。随着疾病的发展,或失治误治,久病木气生发发不及,虚气郁滞,三焦不能主持营卫,寤寐常。张老临证首分“因郁致病”和“因病致郁”,再定虚实,实者木郁失疏,立疏汇为常法,以柴胡剂为基本方；虚者木虚生发及,立温润酸甘为常法,以桂枝剂加北芪为基本方,随证加减,并强调药物和心理治疗并重,两者缺一不可。
外感病为临床常见病多发病,张老认为岭南外感病同时具备外感病的特点和岭南的地域特质,发病多兼有湿邪,虚人外感为多,尽管岭南气候炎热,但是张老数十年临床实践,认为邪气在表,辛温发汗法为正治法,以桂麻各半汤为基本方,兼顾湿邪,驱邪不忘扶正,融合六经表证,随证加减。
结论：
一、张横柳教授继承发扬,立足临证,以原文为据,阐发六经,颇有见地。
二、重视阳气与津液,顾胃存津以扶正气是张横柳教授的中心学术思想。
三、“变”与“辨”辨证思维是张横柳教授的重大伤寒学术研究成果。
四、补益脾胃是张横柳教授的主要临证特色。
五、运用“阴阳往来”之说辨治发作性病证是张横柳教授独到的临证经验。
六、张横柳教授非常重视体质在病证中的指导作用。
七、善和法,专“柴、桂”二方,重黄芪是张横柳教授立法遣药的特点。
Background
Heritage is a cultural characteristic of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), ancient TCM physicians continue to review their clinical experiences to form unique academic thoughts to drive the development of TCM. The Lingnan Shanghan school is an important part of TCM dating back to2000years. In ancient times development was slow due to geographical limitations. Modern Lingnan TCM doctors focus on reviewing past experiences in both academic and clinical aspects of TCM to progress in the Lingnan school of Shanghan. This school of thought is more direct, effective, more in staying with the experiences of the older TCM doctors and has more heritage value than the sea of classical TCM texts. Under the guidance of such doctors, the sorting and investigation of their theoretical thinking and clinical characteristics are crucial to the passing and investigation of TCM essence.
Professor Zhang llengliu has been a doctor and a teacher for44years, being the apprentice of the famed Professor He Zhixiong and specializes in TCM classics and the Shanghan in particular. Through clinic and thorough examination of the Shanghan Lun, he developed further understanding of the Tai Yang Qi, and proposes the notion of the Lung being a part of the Tai Yang system. In clinic he focuses on preserving the Stomach fluids and uses this across the6Channel systems. He also proposes'Chang'and 'Differentiation'in his pattern differentiation thought process. He has great experience in using classical TCM methods in treating epilepsy, ADHD, depression, TCM exterior diseases. Professor is well respected for his contributions i n TCM theory, education, clinical effects and the development of TCM.
Object i ve
The st udy systemi cally analyzed Professor Zhang's experience with applying the Shanghan theory for future generations to effectively learn such methodology. This was done by analyzing his understandings of the text, preserving Yin fluids when treating the6Channel diseases, the research of Yang Qi and Fluids in the Shanghan Lun, and Zhang Zhong Jing's clinical application using'Deterioration'and'Differentiation'. Professor Zhang's treatment of epilepsy, ADHD, depression, external syndromes are also reviewed in detail.
Methods
Using Shanghan theory and clinical research, the collection of Professor' publications, interviews with Professor and related specialists, combing classical TCM texts, and various schools of TCM to systemically review professor Zhang's critical thoughts for future studies.
Results
This study is comprised of3sections:
A detailed profile of professor Zhang's life history. Professor Zhang graduated from his bachelor's degree from the Guangzhou University of TCM in the1968, he then worked in the clinical field for11years before returning to the university in1979to complete his master's degree. Studying under the famed He Zhi Xiong and accumulating experience, he eventually became a highly regarded TCM doctor himself.
The second section focuses on professor Zhang's theoretical essence, Professor Zhang has a deep understanding of the Shanghan theory, being able to combine the thoughts of various previous TCM doctors. Building on the foundation and clinical observation, professor Zhang proposes that the Lung is a part of the Taiyang system. He also contributed to the terms'Stomach repletion','Spleen repletion''Concurrent and Consecutive Patterns' as used in the original Shanghan Lun text. Professor Zhang focuses on preserving the Middle the Fluids and Yangqi in his treatments, while also proposes the notion of'Deterioration' and 'Differentiation'
The third section reviews professor Zhang's treatment of epilepsy, ADHD, depression and exterior syndromes.
Professor Zhang has over30years of clinical experience of HP, he believes Spleen deficiency with phlegm obstruction, disharmony between the Ying and the Wei, and the imbalance of the Yin Yang as the basic pathomechanism of epilepsy. Treatment should be focused on supplementing the Spleen vacuity, resolving the Jueyin Wind, harmonizing the Ying Wei and Qi function complemented by resolving phlegm. For such conditions the Chaihu Guizhi Tang would be the basic formula and modified for each individual. Professor Zhang also created the Chinese Herbal pill' Xian Ling Pian' which has little side effects for treatment of epilepsy.
Professor Zhang combines the fact that children usually being excess in the Liver while insufficient in the Spleen, Kidney vacuity with Heart Fire rising with6Channel differentiation to conclude that ADHD is a consequence of a few pathological causes. These causes include Yaiyin Spleen vacuity, Shaovang Gal1Bladder heat, Jueyin wind disturbing, heat forming in the Shaoyin, Wind and Heat combining to form a complicated pattern of Yin and Yang, internal vacuity but external repletion and the combined effects of general vacuity and repletion. Treatment principles are therefore harmonizing the Shaoyang and the Jueyin, supplementing the Spleen, reinforcing the Water to nourish the Wood, and connecting the Heart and the Kidney. Treatments usually depend on the predominant patterns that includes the Shaoyang, Jueyin, Shaoyin and the Taiyin and their inter-reactions. The resulting treatment is therefore a tailored strategy for each individual.
With decades of clinical experience, professor Zhang believes depression mainly manifests in patients of the TCM Wood type, it's mechanism being the disharmony in the Shaoyang and Jueyin which attacks the Spleen opportunistically. Depending on the progression of the disease, the rising function of the Wood diminishes, and vacuity causes obstruction, with this the Sanjiao cannot control the Ying Wei and causes insomnia. In the clinic, professor Zhang first differentiates between'obstruction causing disease' and'disease causing obstruction', then vacuity from repletion. For repletion cases, treatment revolves around dispersing and restoring the Wood's normal function, and Chaihu type formulas are preferred. In vacuity patterns, sourness and sweetness are used to warm and nourish the Wood, and Guizhi type formulas are modified to each case. It is imperative that psychological treatments are used in conjunction to herbal remedies. Exterior syndromes are common in the clinical environment, professor Zhang believes they inherit special characterist ics of the Lingnan region of China as well as their typical mani festations. Exterior syndromes of the Lingnan exhibi t more Damp qualities and are more prone in constitutionally vacuous patients. According to professor Zhang, warm aromatic methods are appropriate for such conditions despite the hot weather of the Lingnan. He believes when the exterior pathogen is in the superficial layer, Guizhi Mahuang ge ban Tang is an appropriate basic formula which can be modified with agents to expel the damp pathogen. During the treatment, supplementing the Zhengqi is also vital, and should be complemented by appropriate6Channel pattern specific strategies.
Conelusion
1. Building on the deeply understanding of the six-channel syndrome differentiation and clinical observation, Professor Zhang Hengliu proposes some knowledgeable insights.
2. Attaching the importance in preserving Stomach fluids and Yangqi is the central academic thinking of Professor Zhang Hengliu.
3. Professor Zhang Hengliu contributed greatly on the notion of 'Deterioration'and'Differentiation" in Shanghan theory.
4. Nourishing the Spleen and enriching the Stomach is a chief feature of pattern differentiation and treatment of Professor Zhang Hengliu.
5. Professor Zhang Hengliu has unique methods of treating paroxysmal disorders through applying the theory of'YinYarig WangLai"
6. Professor Zhang Hengliu highly values the causal relationship between body constitutions and the process of disease.
7. The characteristics of clinical herb-prescribing and recipe constru Cting of Professor Zhang Hengliu is exper at using harmonizing theraphy, Xiao Chaihu Tang, Guizhi Tang and high-dose astragalus root.
引文
[1]邓铁涛.耕耘医话·岭南[J].新中医,1988,(12)：36-37.
[2]邓铁涛.岭南医学[J].新中医,1999,(8)：8-9.
[3]王怀隐.太平圣惠方[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1958：1355.
[4]释继洪.岭南卫生方[M].北京：中国古籍出版社,1983：7.
[5]何梦瑶.医碥[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2009：384.
[6]李禾,刘小斌.1949年以前岭南医家医案整理研究方法探讨[J].中医文献杂志,2002,(4)：23-25.
[7]刘芳.建国前岭南医学文献发展概况[J].中华医学写作杂志,2004,11(9)：798-800.
[8]王云飞,吴焕林.邓铁涛教授与岭南医学[J].新中医,2007,39(6)：92.
[9]刘成丽,杨智辉.试论岭南医学的地域性特色[J].湖北民族学院学报·医学版,2009,26(2)：58-60.
[10]陈虹,刘小斌.《诸病源候论》中有关岭南医药文献资料的整理[J].吉林中医药,2010,30(2)：178-180.
[11]巢元方.诸病源候论[M].北京：人民军医出版社,2006：127.
[12]余婷君.读《伤寒法眼》之要[J].吉林中医药,2009,(3)：268-269.
[13]肖衍初.陈伯坛与《读过伤寒论》[J].新中医,1983,(12)：39-41.
[14]李永宸,何丽春.陈伯坛《读过伤寒论·读法》抉微[J].广东中医药大学学报,2006,(1)：72-74.
[15]陈坤华.陈伯坛先生学术经验简介[J].广东中医,1963,(5)：1-4.
[16]何丽春.陈伯坛注解《伤寒论》之方法特点初探[J].广州中医药大学学报,2008,25(2)：165-168.
[17]罗日永.钟耀奎教授学术思想初探[J].广州中医药大学学报,1992,9(4)：232-234.
[18]吴粤昌.岭南医征略[M].中华全国中医学会广州分会,广州市卫生局编印,1984：217-220.
[19]李禾.岭南伤寒派医家黎庇留及其著作整理与相关研究[A].中华中医药学会第十六届医古文学术会议论文集,2006：245-248.
[20]张横柳,蔡文就.易巨荪与《集思医案》[J].新中医,1992,(1)：50-52.
[21]许国敏,张横柳.岭南名医易巨荪《集思医案》的学术思想[J].广东中医药大学学报,2006,(4)：：336-338.
[22]张毅之.岭南伤寒名家何志雄教授主要学术思想整理研究[D].广州：广州中医药大学,2011：77-79.
[23]毛海云.程祖培先生临床经验简介[J].广东医学(祖国医学版),1964：21-24.
[24]罗日永,冯存伟.钟耀奎教授治疗咳喘证经验[J].新中医,1992,24(12)：2-5.
[25]郭燕文,杨干潜.郭梅峰老中医的学术思想与医疗经验[J].新中医,1981,(4)：17-21.
[26]熊曼琪.六经辨证论治研究现状、评价及展望(上)[J].国医论坛,1998,24(2)：3-5.
[27]朱章志.熊曼琪学术思想与临床经验简介[J].新中医,1996,(3)：12-14.
[28]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：70.
[29]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：214.
[30]陈忠仁.灵枢经直译[M].北京：中医古籍出版社,2001：123.
[31]钱璜.伤寒溯源集[M].北京：学苑出版社,2009：55.
[32]陈忠仁.灵枢经直译[M].北京：中医古籍出版社,2001：75.
[33]吴谦等.医宗金鉴·第一分册[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1980：56.
[34]方有执.伤寒论条辨[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1957：54.
[35]尤在泾.伤寒贯珠集[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2008：100.
[36]李克绍.我对胃家实的看法[J].中医杂志,1987,(9)：54-56.
[37]陈亦人.胃家实刍义[J].中医杂志,1987,(7)：55-56.
[38]何志雄.伤寒论选释和题答[M].广东：广东科技出版社1981：4.
[39]时振声.对阳明痫提纲的看法[J].中医杂志,1987,(6)：6061.
[40]梅国强.胃家实之我见[J].中医杂志,1987,(8)：61-62.
[41]郝万山.也谈胃家实[J].中医杂志,1987,(5)：55-56.
[42]方有执.伤寒论条辨[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1957：80.
[43]姜建国.伤寒论析疑[M].北京：科学产技术出版社,1 999：213.
[44]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：173-174.
[15]余无言.伤寒论新义[M].上海：千顷堂书局,1954：149.
[46]陈忠仁.灵枢经直译[M].北京：中医古籍出版社,2001：16.
[47]王冰.黄帝内经索问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：58.
[48]陈忠仁.灵枢经直译[M].北京：中医古籍出版社,2001,134.
[49]朱文锋.中医诊断学[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社,2007：118.
[50]成无己.注解伤寒论[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：66.
[51]成无已.注解伤寒论[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：73.
[52]何志雄.伤寒论选释和题答[M].广东：广东科技出版社,1981：5.
[53]陈忠仁.灵枢经直译[M].北京：中医古籍出版社,2001：126.
[54]王孟英.南京中医药大学温病学教研室.温热经纬.第1版.北京.人民卫生出版社,2006：16.
[55]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：391.
[56]王筠默,王恒芬.神农本草经校注[M].吉林：吉林科学出版社,1988：219.
[57]李聪甫.中藏经校注[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1990：57.
[58]Kaneko S, Okada M,lwasa H,et al.Genetics of epilepsy:current status and perspectives[J]. Neurosci Res,2002,44(1):11-30.
[59]田德禄.中医内科学[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2002：166.
[60]小儿卫生总微论方[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1990：88.
[61]朱橚.普济方·四[M].上海：上海古籍出版社,1991：327.
[62]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：17.
[63]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：105.
[64]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：538.
[65]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：539.
[66]田思胜.朱丹溪医学全书[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2005：168.
[67]陈士铎.石室秘录[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,1991：295.
[68]陈复正.幼幼集成[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2006：116-117.
[69]刘平安,鲁耀邦,王清波.名老中医治疗癫痫用药经验分析[J].中医药导报,2009,15(2)：23-25.
[70]张葆青,刁娟娟,周朋.癫痫病方药证治规律研究频数分析[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2010,12(6)：105-106.
[71]王天虎,范中有.辨证分型治疗小儿痫症62例临床观察[J].四川中医,2006,24(1)：94.
[72]张振尊.张士卿治疗小儿癫痫学术思想介绍[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2010,17(10)：86-87.
[73]陈莉,刘静生,庞国明,等.刘学勤教授治疗癫痫经验举隅[J].中医研究,2011,24 (8)：51-52.
[74]何丽云,润今,刘祖发,等.癫痫宁片作为添加治疗对癫痫发作严重程度的影响[J].中医杂志,2010,51(9)：797-800.
[75]相修平,孙世山.定痫复健几治疗癫痫34例[J].山东中医杂志,2001,20(2)：89-90.
[76]辛莉,魏佑莲,叶其芬,等.抗痫胶囊治疗小儿癫痫301例[J].辽宁中医杂志,1999,26(11)：496.
[77]马融,李少川,李新民,等.抗痫胶囊治疗小儿癫痫930例临床观察[J].中医杂志,2002,43(4)：279.
[78]张林挺,艾华.栝楼桂枝汤对戊四氮点燃癫痫大鼠大脑内C-fos和C-jun水平影响的实验研究[J].四川中医,2005,23(8)：21-22.
[79]陈阳美,曾可斌,谢运兰等.青阳参对点燃癫痫大鼠脑内C-fos、c-jun基因表达的影响[J].中药药理与临床,2003,19(5)：26-27.
[80]李满,李光来.熄风口服液对美解眠致痫大鼠的抗癫痫作用及其脑内C-fos基因表达的影响[J].山西医科大学学报,2006,37(5)：459-463.
[81]贺娟,甘贤乒,梁怡等.点燃癫痫模型基因的差异表达及草果知母汤对其影响[J]中国中西医结合杂志,2005,25(9)：808-812.
[82]田野,唐洪丽,王晨虎等.清开灵对戊四氮致痫大鼠抗痫作用的研究[J].东南大学学报(医学版),2006,25(1)：44-46.
[83]王顺,刘军,蔡玉颖,等.癫痫灵颗粒对戊四唑致痫大鼠C- fos蛋白及热休克蛋白-70表达的影响[J].中西医结合心脑血管病杂志,2007,5(9)：827-828.
[84]张文英,杨东东.中药宁痫煎剂对电点燃癫痫模型大鼠c-fos蛋白的表达及细胞凋亡的影响[J].四川中医,2007,25(2)：18-20.
[85]王培训,张横柳,黄佳,等.癫痫患者免疫功能和血浆皮质醇的观察[J].广州中医学院学报,1993,1()(2)：76-79.
[86]张横柳,贾晓林.癫痫的辨证分型与脑电图检测的关系——附150例分忻[J].中医杂志,1996,37(3)：170-171.
[87]张横柳,贾晓林.痫宁片治疗癫痫266例脑电图分析[J].中医杂志,1996,：37(6)：353-355,366.
[88]张横柳,许国敏.痫宁片治疗癫痫236例临床小结[J].实用中西结合杂志,1997,10(7)：610-612.
[R9]李巨奇.益气熄风化痰法抗癫痫的临床和实验研究[D].广州：广州中医药大学,2001：39.
[90]贾晓林,张横柳.经方治疗癫痫的临床观察[J].现代中西药结合杂志,2004,14(2)：1580-1581.
[91]陈晓薇.张横柳教授辨治癫痫经验介绍[J].新中医,2008,40(2)：9-10.
[92]张纪达,胡正刚,陈晓徽.张横柳运用经方治疗癫痫探析[J].辽宁中医杂志,2008,35(9)：1296-1298.
[93]项华,沈创鹏,陈晓薇,等.益气熄风化痰法对慢性癫痫大鼠大脑海马区GAD65表达的影响[J].中药新药与临床药理,2011,22(6)：646 648.
[94]方有执.伤寒论条辨[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1957：：30.
[95]刘渡舟.伤寒论通俗讲话[M].上海：上海科技出版社,1988,第一版：98-103.
[96]Hesdorffer DC, Ludvigsson P, Olafsson E, et al. ADHD as a risk factor for incident unprovoked seizures and epilepsy in children[J]. Arch Gen Psychiatry,2004,61 (7):731-736.
[97]Dunn DW, Austin JK, Harezlak J, et al. ADHD and epilepsy in chi ldhood[J]. evMed Child Neurol,2003,45 (1):50-54.
[98]Gilby KL. A new ratmodel for vulnerability to epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders[J]. Epilepsia,2008,49 (S8):108-110.
[99]陈忠仁.灵枢经直译[M].北京：中医古籍出版社,2001：125.
[100]张介宾著,孙国中,方向红点校.类经[M].学苑出版社,2005：678.
[101]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：105.
[102]BANERJEE TD, MIDDLETON F, FARAONE SV. Environmental risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Acta Paediatr,2007,96 (9): 1269-1274.
[103]邹小兵,静进.发育行为儿科学.北京：人民卫生出版社,2005：237238.
[104]Guevara JP. Evidence-Based Case Review:Attention defici t hyperacti vity disorder[J]. Best Practice,2001,175:189-193.
[105]STEIN RE. Measurement of ADHD outcomes:Implications for the future. J Pediatr Psychol,2007,32 (6):728-731.
[106]FROEHL1CH TE, LANPHEAR BP, EPSTEIN JN, et al. Prevalence, recognition and treatment of attention de-ficit hyperactivity disorder in a national sample of US children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,2007,161(9):857-864.
[107]齐莲,陈琅.中医治疗儿童多动症的研究进展[J].中医儿科杂志,2011,7(2)：61-63.
[108]杨玲,王娣.相修平辨治儿童多动症经验[J].辽宁中医杂志,2007,34(10)：1367-1368.
[109]林月斌.辨证治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍43例[J].福建中医药,2008,39(1)：36-37.
[110]何平,朱瑛.刘以敏老师辨证治疗儿童多动症经验初探[J].云南中医中药杂志,2006,27(1)：5.
[111]李晓东.小儿多动症的中医辨证分型[J].中医儿科杂志,2007,6(3)：35-37.
[112]赵承爱.辨证治疗小儿多动症20例[J].中国医药学报,2002,17(3)：190-191.
[113]黄毅.多动宁胶囊结合西药治疗儿童多动症的临床评价[J].世界中西医结合杂志,2007,9(2)：539-540.
[114]李丹.益智安神口服液治疗小儿多动症51例[J].海峡药学,2007,19(3)：81-82.
[115]张骠,谈瑄忠,潘仁智,等.多动安口服液治疗儿童多动症的临床观察及其生化机制研究[J].中医学学刊,2006,24(2)：268-271.
[116]陈平.静灵口服液治疗小儿多动症40例临床分析[J].现代医院,2005,5(11)：59.
[117]周宇.儿童多动症五因证析及针灸对策[J].北京中医药,2011,30(7)：514-516.
[118]唐彦.儿童多动症中医研究现状的分析与思考.山东中医杂志[J],2006,25(7)：435-437.
[119]程康圃.岭南儿科双壁·小儿科家传秘录[M].广东：广东教育出版社1987,36.
[120]叶天士.临证指南医案[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2006.19.
[121]程康圃.岭南儿科双壁·小儿科家传秘录[M].广东：广东教育出版社1987,37.
[122]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1977,1835.
[123]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典[M].上海：上人民出版社,1977,2020.
[124]曹颖甫.经方实验录[M].北京：学苑出版社,2008.14.
[125]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1977,238.
[126]Chareney DS, Grothe DR, Smith SL, Brady KT, Kaltsounis PuchettJ, Wright CW, et al. Overview of psychiatric disorders and the rolcof newer ant idepressants. J Clin Psychiatry,2002,63:39.
[127]The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium.Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys[J]. JAMA,2004,291:25H1-2590.
[128]12地区精神疾病流行病学调查协作组.情感性精神病的流行学调查[J].中华神经精神科杂志,1986,19(2)：97-99.
[129]12地区精神疚病流行病学调查协作组.情感性精神病的流行学调查[J],中华神经精神科杂志,1986,19(2)：9799.
[130]陈贺龙,胡斌,陈宪生,等.2002年江西省精神疾病患病率调查[J].中华精神科杂志,2004,：37(3)：172-175.
[131]石其昌,章健民,徐方忠,等.浙江省15岁及以上人群精神疾病流行病学调查[J].中华预防医学杂志,2005,39(4)：229-236.
[132]栗克清,崔泽,崔利军,等.河北省精神障碍的现况调查[J].中华精神科杂杂志,2007,40(1)：36-40.
[133]赵振环,黄悦勤,李洁,等.广州地区常住人口精神障碍的患痫率调查[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,2009,35(9)：530-534.
[134]张介宾.景岳全书[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1991：443.
[135]张介宾.景岳全f书[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1991：437-443.
[136]杨林.论肝郁与抑郁症[J].陕西中医,2000,21(6)：260-261.
[137]马欢.抑郁症病因病机研究探析[J].辽宁中医杂志,2005,32(6)：537-538.
[138]包祖晓,田青,高新彦,等.抑郁症与肝郁证关系探讨[J].实用中医药杂志,2009,25(11)：770-771.
[139]翟双庆,王长宇.王洪图内经临证发挥[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2006：68-78.
[140]张丽萍.抑郁症治疗中重视调理脾胃气机的作用探讨[J].陕西中医,2005,26(1)：45-47.
[141]王玮.从脑论治焦虑症、抑郁症[J].中华中西医学杂志,2008,6(3)：51-52.
[142]张昶,谭程.抑郁症从奇经论治浅析[.J].北京中医药,2010,29(3)：196-198.
[143]纪江红.加味小柴胡汤治疗抑郁症58例疗效观察[J].中国医疗前沿,2010,5(6)：28.
[144]余波,李军(指导).柴胡舒肝散加味治疗抑郁症36例[J].现代中医药,2008,28：14-15.
[145]罗辉.王玉英治疗抑郁症经验[J].辽宁中医杂志,2009,36(4)：515-517.
[146]梁廷营,刘华,任中万,等.范军铭主任医师治疗抑郁症临床经验[J].中医研究,2010,23(3)：59-60.
[147]叶实现.越鞠丸加味治疗热虑抑郁障碍31例观察[J].实用中医药杂志,2006,22(10)：611.
[148]芦原睦.归脾汤治疗神经系统症状的经验[J].国外医学·中医中药分册,2003,25(3)：158.
[149]徐国祥.黄连阿胶汤加减治疗抑郁症38例小结[J].时珍国医国药,2000,11(1)：72-75.
[150]陈利平,吴整军,王发渭,等.舒郁散治疗抑郁症临床研究[J].中国中医急症,2009,18：1583-1584.
[151]金涛,张吉营,黄明芳,等.中药解郁汤治疗抑郁症的临床研究[J].中华中医药学刊,2008,26：304-306.
[152]赵晶,唐启盛,包祖晓,等.颐脑解郁方治疗抑郁症肾虚肝郁型的临床疗效观察[J].北京中医药大学学报,2008,31：61-63.
[153]姜林芳,方习红.王法德辨治抑郁症经验[J].中医杂志,2010,51(6)：495.
[154]龙伟芳；单志恒.解郁1号方治疗心脾两虚型抑郁症30例[J].新中医；2010,42(3)：38-39.
[155]张远怀,包祖晓,孙伟,等.益气温阳1号方治疗抑郁症的临床观察[J].福建中医药,2007,38(6)：3-4.
[156]邵静,刘亚鸽.补气开郁汤对老年期抑郁症气虚血瘀型的治疗作用[J].中医药临床杂志,2008,20：588-589.
[157]裴音,张捷,陈杰,等.针刺王氏五脏俞治疗抑郁症临床观察[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2006,13：62-63.
[158]黄芳,曹铁军,曹锐,等.电针内关、建里治疗抑郁症的临床研究[J].北京中医药大学学报(中医临床版),2008,15：25-27.
[159]孙善斌,刘文军,张闻东,等.针灸督脉为主配合手法点穴醒脑治疗中风后抑郁症疗效观察[J].中医药临床杂志,2009,21：332-333.
[160]Chatterjee SS, Bhattaeharya SK, Wonnermann M, et al. Hyperforin as a possible antidepressant component of hyperricm extracts[J]. Life Sci, 1998,63 (60):499-510.
[161]张筱,卢定强,权静,等.贯叶连翘抗抑郁研究新进展[J].生物加工过程,2004,2(1)：11.
[162]李作平,赵丁,任雷鸣,等.合欢花抗抑郁作用的药理实验研究初探[J].河北医科大学学报,2003：24(4)：214-216.
[163]Butterweek V, Nshibe S, Saeaki T, et al. Antidepressant effeets apocynum venetum in aforceds wimming test[J]. BiolPharmBull,2001:24 (7):848.
[164]李亚明,李娟好,季宁东,等.石曹蒲几种粗提取物的抗抑郁作用[J].广东药学院院报,2004：20(2)：141-144.
[165]王亚民,周建军.半夏厚朴汤及其组成中药抗焦虑和抑郁研究进展[J].世界科学技术一中医药现代化,2003：5(4)：56-60.
[166]尾崎哲,黄欣.小建中汤的抗抑郁作用[J].国外医学中医中药分册,1993：15(5)：7-9.
[167]陈忠仁.灵枢经直译[M].北京：中医古籍出版社,2001：279.
[168]唐容川.血证论[M].上海：上海科技出版社,1996：8.
[169]唐容川.血证论[M].上海：上海科技出版社,1996：29.
[170]唐容川.血证论[M].上海：上海科技出版社,1996：29.
[171]王怀隐.《太平圣惠方·上》[M].北京京：人民卫生出版社,1992：56.
[172]南京中医学院医经教研组.难经译释[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社,1961：82.
[173]尤在泾.金匮要略心典[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,1992：42.
[174]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：523.
[175]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：541.
[176]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：47.
[177]王冰.黄帝内经素问[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1979：141.
[178]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典(下册)[M].上海：上海人民卫生出版社,1977：1773.
[179]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典(下册)[M].上海：上海人民卫生出版社,1977：191.
[180]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典(下册)[M].上海：上海人民卫生出版社,1977：508.
[181]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典(下册)[M].上海：上海人民卫生出版社,1977：614.
[182]张锡纯.医学衷中参西录(第一册)[M].上海：河北人民卫生出版社,1964：166-167.
[183]李聪甫.中藏经校注[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1990：57.
[184]贾爱民,高如宏.陈卫川治疗外感病经验[J].河北中医,2003,25(9)：656.
[185]张玉才.徐谦德.丁甘仁辨治外感病特点[J].安徽中医临床杂志,1998,3(6)：182-183.
[186]李春颖,邱泽计.姜良铎论治消渴病患者外感病的经验[J].中国中医药杂志(原中国中医药学报),2006,21(10)：602-603.
[187]刘承,姜良铎.论脾胃内伤基础上的外感病辨治[J].中国中医急症,2007,16(2)：177-179.
[188]刘素香,许新文.平衡疗法防治上呼吸道感染70例——黄保中主任医师诊治外感病经验[J].河南中医,2005,25(10)：23-24.
[189]周仲英,金妙文.中医药治疗病毒感染性高热临床研究[J].中国中医急症,1994,3(1)：5-8.
[190]何素芬,胡克明.表里双解法治疗小儿外感高热症104例[J].浙江江中医杂志2008,43(1)：40.
[191]来晓娟,司晓文.论温法在外感咳嗽中的应用[J].中国医药导报,2008,5(1)：76.
[192]陶鹏飞.朱虹江教授辨治外感咳嗽经验[J].云南中医学院学报,2007,30(1)：39-40.
[193]刘志文,邓丽珍,黄艳玲.柴胡退热方配合熏洗治疗小儿外感高热134例疗效观察[J].新中医,2008,,40(9)：71-72.
[194]叶雪雯,李乐华,郑书恭,等.高热患儿采用青蒿温水擦浴降温效果观察[J].2008,23(19)：10-11.
[195]虞金龙.中药贴敷治疗外感咳嗽与支气管炎疗效观察[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2005,15(1)：41.
[196]高阳,董雪,康延国,等.牛蒡苷元体外抗流感病毒活性[J].中草药,2002,33(8)：724.
[197]Kobayashi, Davis SM, Utsunomiya T, et al. Antiviral effect ogingy-san, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on influenza A2 virus infection inmice[J]. Am J ChinMed,1999,27 (1):53.
[198]张庆宏,郭海,杨进,等.苍果挥发油对流感病毒感染小鼠肺中γ-IFN. TNF-α影响[J].南京中医药大学学报,2007,23(20)：104-105.
[199]郭惠,姚灿,何世勤,等.鱼腥草抗流感病毒诱导细胞凋亡的研究[J].赣南医学院学报,2003,23,(6)：615.
[200]卢志刚,韩雪梅.蒿芩清胆汤解热抗炎作用的实验研究[J].中医药学刊,2006,23(3)：454-455.
[201]浙江省中医研究所.瘟疫论评注[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1977：354.
[202]林培正.温病学[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2008：189.
[203]廖怀凌,胡延滨.广东人体质由湿热变气虚[N].羊城晚报,2008.7.20(AOI)
[204]李东垣.脾胃论[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2005：4.
[205]林培正.温病学[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2008：172.
[206]林培正.温病学[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2008：212.
[207]林培正.温病学[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2008：167.
[208]林培正.温病学[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2008：189 190.
[209]林培正.温病学[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,2008：169.