摘要
四川盆地碳酸盐岩储层大部分为裂缝-孔隙型储层,裂缝是主要渗流通道,孔隙是主要储集空间；嘉陵江组气藏和长兴生物礁气藏部分气井的静、动态资料表现出不同于裂缝-孔隙性气藏的三重介质特征。而国内外对洞穴-裂缝-孔隙三重介质储层渗流理论方面的研究还很少,对其渗流动态变化规律的系统认识几乎为空白。由于缺乏定量化针对性分析方法,严重制约了对该类气藏开发动态特征的深入认识,也势必对该类气藏高效开发带来影响。
以四川盆地嘉陵江组气藏和长兴生物礁气藏为切入点,以探索研究三重介质地层特殊性为目的,面向整个四川盆地已开发气藏,从地质、钻井、录井、测井和试井曲线特征分析,开展洞穴-裂缝-孔隙型储层连续介质渗流描述理论研究,开展了大量的研究工作,取得了丰富的研究成果,形成了较为系统的洞穴-裂缝-孔隙型储层动态特征的认识。
1、查阅国内外相关研究成果,全面掌握了三重介质气藏试井模型研究进展。筛选出典型的三重介质动态分析疑似实例9口井。在气藏动静态特征研究基础上,总结了三重介质储层动态特征识别依据。
2、建立了三孔单渗并行窜流、三孔单渗逐级窜流、三孔双渗、三重介质复合模型(内外区均为三重介质、内区为三重介质外区为均质、内区为三重介质外区为双重介质)、三重介质部分射开模型、三重介质双层模型(层间有窜流和层间无窜流)、三重介质三层模型和三重介质孤立大溶洞等物理模型。
3、开展了三孔单渗并行窜流、三孔单渗逐级窜流、三孔双渗、三重介质复合模型(内外区均为三重介质、内区为三重介质外区为均质、内区为三重介质外区为双重介质)、三重介质部分射开模型、三重介质双层模型(层间有窜流和层间无窜流)、三重介质三层模型和三重介质孤立大溶洞定产量数学模型的建立和求解研究,分析了井底流压变化规律。
4、开展了三孔单渗并行窜流、三孔单渗逐级窜流、三孔双渗定井底流压生产数学模型的建立和求解研究,分析了产能变化规律。
5、开展了三重介质储层数值试井探索研究,并用差分法对三孔单渗并行窜流定产量数学模型进行了求解。应用研究成果,完成了在大量资料分析基础上筛选出的9口井典型疑似三重介质储层试井资料的解释。
研究成果较好地解决四川盆地洞穴-裂缝-孔隙型气藏气井试井分析、产能评价工作中暴露的核心技术问题,为整个四川盆地嘉陵江组气藏和长兴生物礁气藏开发动态分析乃至全国洞穴-裂缝-孔隙型气藏高效开发提供借鉴性技术。
The major carbonate of Sichuan basin is fractured- porosity reservoirs, which fractures are the main flow channels and porosity is the dominant save space. Part of the static or dynamic data in Jialingjiang group and Changxing biohermal gas formation present triple-porosity characters which is different from fractured-porosity reservoirs.However,the filtration theory study of caved-fractured-porosity triple medium behaviors is so pure and there isn't a systematic cognition of flow dynamic rules.Due to the lack of quantification pertinence analytic method, the further understanding of this kind of gas development dynamic performance is seriously restricted which also influences the efficient development.
Laying the entry point on Jialingjiang group and Changxing biohermal gas formation and with the purpose of exploration of specificity of triple medium formation, we analysis the geologic, drilling, logging and testing curves of developed field of the whole Sichuan basin, carry out the influent description theory study of caved-fractured-porosity continuous medium, and obtain abundant research achievements of a systematic recognition of the characteristics of caved-fractured-porosity reservoirs.
1.Scan co relational research achievements domestic and overseas, grasp the main ideas of triple-medium gas reservoir well test model, select nine typical field wells as triple-medium dynamic analysis, finally draw a conclusion of triple-medium reservoir dynamic characteristics recognition evidence based on the research of static and dynamic performance of gas reservoir.
2.Establish triporate-uniphase flow parallel cross flow、triporate-uniphase flow -step by step cross flow、triporate-biphase flow、triple-medium composite model(triple medium both outside and inside; triple medium inside and homogeneity medium outside; triple medium inside and double medium outside), triple medium partly perforated model, triple medium bilayer model(interlamination cross flow or not), triple medium-three tiers model and triple medium isolated cave physical model.
3.Launch the method research of triporate-uniphase flow-parallel cross flow、triporate-uniphase flow -step by step cross flow、triporate-biphase flow, triple-medium composite model(triple medium both outside and inside; triple medium inside and homogeneity medium outside; triple medium inside and double medium outside), triple medium partly perforated model, triple medium bilayer model(interlamination cross flow or not), triple medium- three tiers model and triple medium isolated cave physical model, and also ultimate analysis of the variance law of bottom hole flow pressure.
4.Carry out the research on triporate-uniphase flow-parallel cross flow、triporate-uniphase flow -step by step cross flow and triporate-biphase flow production mathematical model under which bottom hole flow pressure is constant. Analyze the productivity variance rules.
5.Have conducted the triple-medium reservoir numerical well test exploratory research, gave the method of the triporate-uniphase flow-parallel cross flow under constant output mathematical model with difference method, we accomplished triple-medium reservoir well test data interpretation of selected nine typical wells based on large numbers of data analysis.
The results can better solve the core technology problem exposed to the well test analysis and productivity evaluation effort of caved-fractured-porosity reservoir in Sichuan basin; also provide key means to the development dynamic analysis of Jialingjiang group and Changxing biohermal gas formation in Sichuan basin and even efficiently development of caved-fractured-porosity gas reservoir nationwide.
引文
[1]贾振远,郝石生编著.碳酸盐岩油气形成和分布[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1989.3
[2]赵树栋等编著.任丘碳酸盐岩油藏[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1997.1.
[3]张抗.塔里木盆地塔北隆起油气勘探领域[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(3)：188-192
[4]柏松章等著.碳酸盐岩潜山油田开发[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1996.5.
[5]赵良考,补勇等.碳酸盐岩储层测井评价技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1994.4.
[6]曾国寿等译.碳酸岩盐油气勘探译文集[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1992.
[7]邢玉忠.裂缝性潜山油藏裂缝网络模型及其应用.中国地质大学博士学位论文,2007
[8]Homer, D.R. Pressure build-up in wells. Proc. Third world pet. Cong. The Hague sec.Ⅱ 504-523.(4.6.3)
[9]小罗伯特c.厄洛赫著.栾志安.试井分析方法[M](第三版).北京：石油工业出版社,1996.
[10]阎敦实,李虞庚,丁贵明,张文昭等.中国油气井测试资料解释范例[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1994.10
[11]庄惠农.气藏动态描述和试井[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2004.4.
[12]Barenhlatt, G.I., Zheltov, J.P. and Kochina, I.N. Basic Concepts Theory of Homogeneous Liquids in Fissured Rocks [J]. Appl. Math. Mech. (1960), USSR,1286-1303
[13]Warren, J.E. and Root, P.J. The Behavior of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs [A].SPE426 (1963)
[14]刘能强.实用现代试井解释方法[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1996.
[15]Kazemi, H. Pressure Transient Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs with Uniform Fracture Distribution [A].SPE2156 (1969)
[16]De Swaan, A.O. Analytical Solutions for Determining Naturally Fractured Reservoir Properties by Well Testing [A].SPE5346 (1976)
[17]Ramey, H.J. A General Pressure Buildup Theory for a Well in a Closed Drainage Area [A].SPE3012 (1971)
[18]Gringarten, A.C. and Bourdet, D.P. A Comparison between Different Skin and Wellbore Storage Type-Curves for Early-Time Transient Analysis [A]. SPE8205 (1979)
[19]Bourdet, D.P. and Gringarten, A.C. Determination of Fissure Volume and Block Size in Fractured Reservoirs by Type-Curve Analysis [A]. SPE9293 (1980)
[20]Braester, C. Influence of Block Size on the Transition Curve for a Drawdown Test in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir[A].SPE10543 (1984)
[21]Cinco-Ley, H., Samaniego, F. and Kucuk, F. The Pressure Transient Behavior for Naturally Fractured Reservoirs with Multiple Block Size [A].SPE14168 (1985)
[22]Belani, A.K. and Jalali,Y. Estimation of Matrix Block Size Distribution in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs [A].SPE18171 (1988)
[23]Spivey, J.P. and Lee, W.J. Pressure Transient Response for a Naturally Fractured Reservoir with a Distribution of Block Size [A].SPE60294 (2000)
[24]Ozkan, E. and Ohaeri, U. Unsteady Flow to a Well Produced at a Constant Pressure in a Fractured Reservoir [A].SPE9902 (1987)
[25]Papatzacos, P. Approximate Partial-Penetration Pseudoskin for Infinite Conductivity Wells [A].SPE13956 (1986)
[26]Gomes, e. and Ambastha, A.K. Analytical Expression for Pseudoskin for Partially Penetrating Wells under Various Reservoir Conditions [A].SPE26484 (1993)
[27]Raghavan, R. and Clark, K.K. Vertical Permeability from Limited Entry Flow Test in Thick Formations [A].SPE4556 (1973)
[28]Yildiz, T. and Bossiouni, Z. Transient Pressure Analysis in Partially Penetrating Wells [A].SPE21551 (1990)
[29]Bui, T.D., Mamora, D.D. and Lee, W.J. Transient Pressure Analysis for Partially Penetrating Wells in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs [A]. SPE60289 (2000)
[30]G达普拉特.石油科学进展27裂缝油藏评价的试井分析[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1995.
[31]Abdassah, D. and Ershaghi, I. Triple-Porosity Systems for Representing Naturally Fractured Reservoirs [A].SPE13409 (1986)
[32]Jalali, Y. and Ershaghi, I. Pressure Transient Analysis of Heterogeneous Naturally Fractured Reservoirs [A].SPE16341 (1987)
[33]Al-Ghamdi, A. and Ershaghi, I. Pressure Transient Analysis of Dually Fractured Reservoirs [A].SPE26959 (1996)
[34]Camacho, R. Pressure Transient and Decline Curve Behaviors in Naturally Fractured Vuggy Carbonate Reservoirs [A].Spe77689 (2002)
[35]葛家理、吴玉树.裂缝油藏井底定压生产动态特征与不稳定试井分析方法[J].石油勘探与开发.1982,9(3)：54-64
[36]陈钟祥、姜尚礼.双孔介质渗流方程的精确解[J].中国科学.1980,10(2)：152-165
[37]冯文光.多重介质组合油藏非定常非达西高速渗流问题的研究[J].西南石油学院学报.1985,7(2)：22-26
[38]冯文光、葛家理.单一介质、双重介质中非定常达西低速渗流问题[J].石油勘探与开发.1985,12(5)
[39]贾永禄.考虑表皮和井筒储存效应的双重介质封闭地层有效井径模型及样板曲线[J].天然气工业.1994,14(5)：48-51
[40]姚军、侯力群.天然裂缝性碳酸盐岩封闭油藏产量递减规律研究及其应用[J].油气地质与采收率.2005,12(1)：56-58
[41]姚军、戴卫华、王子胜等.变井筒储存的三重介质油藏试井解释方法研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版).2004,28(2)：46-51
[42]赵冬梅、姚军等.压敏三重介质油藏压力响应特征[J].计算物理.2005,22(5)：445-448
[43]杨坚、姚军等.三重介质复合油藏压力特征研究[J].水动力学研究与进展.2005,20(4)：418-425
[44]崔迪生、徐建平.拉普拉斯变换与试井分析[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2001.
[45]姜尚礼、陈钟祥.试井分析理论基础[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1985.
[46]吴晓庆.数学物理方程[M].南充：西南石油学院,1995.
[47]孔祥言.高等渗流力学[M].合肥：中国科学技术出版社,1999.
[48]Stefest, H. Numerical Inversion of Laplace Transform [A]. Algorithm 368, Comm. Of ACM,13, page49(1970)
[49]周兴熙.初论碳酸盐岩网络状油气藏[J].石油勘探与开发.2000,27(3)：5-8
[50]葛家理.现代油气藏渗流力学原理[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2003
[51]李顺初.线形代数[M].南充：西南石油学院,1995.
[52]何光渝Visual Basic常用数值算法集[M].北京：科学出版社,2002[53]刘启国、鲜国勇.低速非达西渗流流量动态规律研究[J].西南石油学院学报.2003,25(4)：41-44
[54]程时清、郭康良.低速非达西渗流的流量动态规律研究[J].江汉石油学院院报.1997,19(1)：56-60
[55]廖新维、沈平平.现代试井分析[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2002
[56]黄丰.多孔介质三模型的维重构研究.中国科学技术大学博士学位论文,2007
[57]肖玉茹等.新疆塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征及其受控因素.现代地质,2003,17(1)
[58]姚军等.超完善井条件下三重介质试井解释模型求解方法.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(3)
[59]常学军等.裂缝和洞与井筒连通的三重介质油藏试井解释方法研究.水动力学研究与进展,2004,19(3)
[60]刑承林等.三重介质油藏模型及其Laplace空间解[J].数学理论与应用.2009,29(2)：14-18
[61]李秀军等.考虑交接面阻力影响的三重介质复杂油藏的试井模型[J].特种油气藏.2009,16(3)：74-76
[62]张冬丽等.缝洞型油藏三重介质数值试井模型影响因素[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版).2010,32(6)：113-120
[63]同登科等.变形三重介质低渗透油藏三渗模型流动特征[J].力学季刊.2010,31(3)：334-341
[64]赵玉龙等.三重介质油藏非牛顿幂律流体试井模型与典型曲线分析[J].水动力学研究与进展.2010A,25(2)：254-261