摘要
本文以维索尔伦的语言顺应理论(Linguistic Adaptation Theory)为依据来研究王熙凤的言语交际策略,旨在运用语言顺应理论对王熙凤的言语交际策略进行分析,归纳和总结王熙凤成功交际的规律,即王熙凤的话语是否与语言使用者的物理世界,社交世界和心理世界相顺应。
王熙凤,作为中国古典小说《红楼梦》中一个极善于交际的重要人物,其语言极具特色,历来受到诸多学者的广泛关注,从文学评论角度到近年来从语用学的崭新视角对其语言的分析,并得出了不同的结论。本文通过对过去研究的分析和借鉴,以维索尔伦的顺应论为基础,拟对王熙凤的言语策略进行动态和较全面的分析。这种分析以王熙凤的一些日常交际对话为语料,综合考虑语言、社会、文化、心理和认知等因素对王熙凤的语言选择的影响,探讨了在言语交际过程中,王熙凤依据时空的变化、说话的对象(包括权力地位和社会关系的不同)及心理意识的不同来选择相应的策略以不断地顺应社会规约及说话人的心理动机、性格、信念和意图,也即王熙凤能够成功地使用各种言语交际策略是交际能够顺利进行的关键所在。我们的结论是,王熙凤的言语交际策略是一种有意识地为适应交际需要不断做出选择的过程。这些选择虽然可以出现在语言结构的任何一个层面,但王熙凤能够根据交际时的情况而决定选择哪一种具体的形式(主要包括合适的称谓、语言风格、词汇、语句类型以及话题的选取),且这些选择主要是与物理世界、社交世界和心理世界相顺应的结果。
本文从顺应论的角度分析王熙凤的言语策略,具有理论和实践意义。理论上拓宽了语言研究的视野,提供了一种借鉴西方理论,立足汉语文化,研究汉语语料的新方法;实践中,帮助我们更透彻地理解王熙凤这个语言鲜明的重要人物。加强了交际者的语言沟通能力,指导我们在更加融洽的气氛中顺利进行言语交际。目的是希望语言研究者加强我国外语界和汉语界的沟通,引用西方理论立足汉语这种新的研究方法得到更进一步的关注和研究。
The present study is undertaken to investigate Wang Xifeng’s communicative strategies on the basis of Jef Verschueren’s Linguistic Adaptation Theory. It tends to dig out the mechanism involved in production of Wang Xifeng’s communicative strategies and probe into the rules for her successful communication, that is, whether Wang Xifeng’s communicative strategies are the outcome of linguistic choices interadaptable with language user’s physical world, social world and mental world.
Wang Xifeng, one of the most outstanding characters in the famous Chinese classic fiction—A Dream of Red Mansions, is good at dealing with people with her extraordinary language, which has long captured the interest of scholars. The orientation of language analysis has shifted from literary criticism to research from pragmatic perspective in recent years. Based on naturally occurring data in Wang Xifeng’s daily communication, concerning the influence of language, society, culture, psychology and cognition, this paper investigates that, in the process of linguistic communication, in order to achieve her communicative needs, Wang Xifeng adopts different strategies according to the changing of space and time, the power correlated and the social relationships between the speaker and hearer, as well as the psychological elements, so as to continuously adapt to the social-cultural norms and those mental influences like the utterer’s motivation, personality, beliefs and intention. It is the crucial point for Wang Xifeng’s successful communication. This study indicates that, on the basis of the Linguistic Adaptation Theory, it is a process of intentional choice making for Wang Xifeng’s linguistic communicative strategies, so as to obtain or reach her communicative needs. Wang Xifeng can make different choices of strategies through various linguistic structures, but she only chooses to use the one which can realize her communicative goals in accordance with the particular situation. The linguistic structures Wang Xifeng opts for mainly include appropriate terms of address, language style, word, sentence type and conversational topic. The choices of Wang Xifeng’s communicative strategies are the result of adaptation to the physical, social and mental world.
Through the analysis of Wang Xifeng’s communicative strategies from Adaptation Theory, both theoretical and practical significance of this thesis can be explored. Theoretically, it enlarges the vision of linguistic studies and widens the scope of the studies on Chinese which sets up a new angle on Wang Xifeng’s study. Practically, it helps us to have a better understanding of Wang Xifeng and enhance our communicative capability which can guide us to communicate under a more harmonic atmosphere. More attention of communication between the Chinese circle and the Western circle is expected.
引文
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