摘要
随着中国经济改革开放的深入与中国经济发展的进程,科技与经济协调发展的重要意义日益凸现。党的十七大已明确地将科技与经济协调发展写入科学发展观。本文以系统论为指导,总结了科技系统、经济系统所具有的特征,分析了科技系统、经济系统的结构、功能、环境;以协同原理为基点,论述了科技与经济的协同机理,提出了科技与经济协同机理模型,为科技、经济协调发展论构筑了理论基础。
本文针对科技与经济协调发展评价问题,从评价理论与评价方法两个层面,通过界定科技、经济以及科技、经济协调发展的基本概念和内涵,从系统论角度出发,基于科技、经济的系统研究,对科技与经济协调发展数理模型、科技与经济协调发展的评价依据、评价方法进行了具体而深入的研究。通过识别科技与经济发展的表征,引入两个重要的评价指标——区域科技综合实力、区域经济综合实力,构建了区域科技综合实力、区域经济综合实力的评价指标体系和评价方法,提出了区域科技与经济协调度测度模型与评价方法。
继而,运用本文的评价模型与方法,结合吉林省科技、经济发展的状况,测度了吉林省在1990-2005年期间的各年度的科技综合实力、经济综合实力,以及科技与经济协调度。针对吉林省科技与经济协调发展问题,提出了吉林省未来的科技与经济协调发展的对策与建议。
When planning a nation’s economic development, people realize the importance of regional economic development. It is obvious that it is of great importance to establish regional science & technology’s strategic position. The purpose of this paper is to offer an evaluation theory and approach to measure the degree of the coordination of science & technology and economy and to help people identify advantages of their regional science & technology, set up science & technology plan, strengthen creativity ability, properly utilize science & technology resource in accordance with their overall goal and the demand for science & technology to achieve the maximum benefit.
For many years, a lot of economists had carried a great deal of research on science & technology progress and economic growth. Many theories were set up, such as technological innovation theory and new classical economic growth and so on. Those theories form the base of the study on the coordinated development of science & technology and economy. But fewer papers are found which concern the coordination of science & technology and economy. So that, no systematic theory of the coordination of science & technology and economy comes into being.
The contents of the research related to coordination of science & technology and economy mainly include the followings: 1. research on systematic natures of science & technology and economy; 2.corelationship between science & technology and economy; 3. interaction between science & technology and economy; 4. the coordination between science & technology and economy; 5. evaluation theory of coordinated development of science & technology and economy. Those parts form the relative research framework. This paper mainly carries research on the evaluation theory of coordinated development of science & technology and economy.
The systematic analysis of science & technology and economy is the cornerstone of the research on the coordinated development of science & technology and economy. The related research reveals that the science & technology system has the following four characters:○1 knowledge-intensive;○2 investment-intensive;○3creativity-intensive;○4 multiple purposes. The economy system has five characters:○1the economy system is the material production system which consists of people and material resources and monetary system;○2the economy system is an open and imbalanced system;○3the economy system is an indefinite and fuzzy and uncertain system;○4the economy system is a multi-goal and non-liner mix with multiple variants;○5 the economy system is running under a certain natural and social environment. The science and technology system and economy system follow their own running principles. The science &technology system and economy system are interactive with each other, that is , the scientific and technological outputs promote economic development when they turn into current productivity, and scientific and technological progress will be the driving force of economic development; economy will provide human resource and material resources and financial resources demanded by science & technology system, and economy support the scientific and technological progress;the economic development demands for the scientific and technological outputs;the economic output constitutes the base of the scientific and technological progress. As the sub-systems, the science &technology system and economy system play an important role in the evolution of economic and social system, and the interaction and coordination between the science &technology system and economy system becomes the catalysis for the economic and social system’s evolution.
The coordination of science &technology system and economy system refers to the state and process that science &technology system and economy system depend on each other, and adjust individually to suit each other, and to promote each other. As the same time, it also refers to the running mechanism that maintains the internal and steady development process of science &technology system and economy system. The coordinated development of science &technology system and economy system present the features, that is, interaction, openness, variation, and progressiveness. The coordination of science &technology system and economy system can be interpreted as their sharing the same goal, their functions’coupling, their structures’optimizing, their enjoying maximum benefits.
At the present, the evaluation approaches concerning the coordination of science &technology system and economy system mainly include the followings: co-relationship analysis, Douglas production function analysis, and comprehensive indicators analysis. The three analysis approaches have both weakness and strengths. This paper puts forth a new evaluation approach by introducing two key indicators——regional scientific and technological comprehensive strength and regional economic comprehensive strength with reference to the relative research.
The regional scientific and technological comprehensive strength refers to the capability to research and develop new products and new techniques within one year, as well as the capability to transform the scientific and technological outputs into the prevailing production capacity. It can be further understood as the ability to develop science and technology, and the ability to utilize the science and technology, and the ability to achieve scientific and technological progress. The regional scientific and technological comprehensive strength constitutes of regional scientific and technological input strength and regional scientific and technological output strength and science and technology progress’economic benefits. The evaluation on the regional scientific and technological comprehensive strength is an important part of the evaluation on the coordination degree of regional science and technology and its economy. With reference to various evaluation indicators of science & technology, and in accordance with the objective, multi-direction, effective and practical principle, with consideration of investment and output and social interests, this paper puts forwards an overall evaluation indicators system, and constructs mathematic evaluation model of regional scientific and technological comprehensive strength.
The regional economic comprehensive strength refers to a region’s economic input and output capabilities and its economic accumulation capability. It is compounded by the economic scale strength, economic growth strength, economic benefit strength, and foreign trade strength. With consideration of indicators’feasibility, this paper constructs mathematic evaluation model of regional economic comprehensive strength.
The evaluation approach on the coordination degree of regional economy and science and technology is applied to judge how well the economy goes along with science & technology.
This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system from the perspectives of the overall state of coordination of regional science and technology and economy, and of the developing scale, and of the developing speed, and of the developing level, and of the structure, as well as of the factors’interaction performance. This is the first time to establish a multi-perspective evaluation system of coordination of science and technology and economy. This paper also puts up the interaction model of science& technology and economy. In point of the weaknesses of the present evaluation approaches, this paper puts forth mathematic model of the coordinated development of science& technology. This paper constructs the mathematic models of evaluation on static and dynamic coordination states of regional science and technology and economy. The above is the main research output of this paper.
In practical research, the above-mentioned evaluation theory and approaches are applied to measure Jilin province’s scientific and technological comprehensive strength and its economic comprehensive strength, and to analyze the coordination of Jilin province’s science and technology and economy.
The research result reveals that Jilin province’s scientific and technological comprehensive strength has risen gradually during 1990-2005. However, compared with other provinces, Jilin province is much weaker at the aspect of scientific and technological comprehensive strength. The factor analysis result shows that the promotion of Jilin province’s scientific and technological comprehensive strength is mainly attributed to its scientific and technological output strength and the economic benefit brought by its scientific and technological progress. The result also shows that the shortage of investment in science and technology is the key reason for Jilin province’s low-speeded development of science and technology.
The research result indicates that the scale strength is the biggest attributor to Jilin province’s economic comprehensive strength, and its economic growth strength and economic benefit strength are less, and foreign trade strength is the least. When compared with other provinces, Jilin province is located in lower postion. To trace the reasons, it is found that its economic scale is relatively small; especially its foreign trade is its weak link. If it is seen in timely order, Jilin province’s economic comprehensive strength is increasing.
The evaluation result of Jilin province’s static state of coordination of science and technology and economy shows that the yearly coordination degree fluctuated greatly. The evaluation result of Jilin province’s dynamic state of coordination of science and technology and economy shows that the coordination of science and technology and economy is not good. The analysis result just coincides with the truth that its economic comprehensive strength and its scientific and technological comprehensive strength are inequally positioned. That witnesses that the evaluation model is available and practical and meaningful. From the perspectives of the structure and of the developing scale and of the developing level, Jilin province’s science and technology and economy coordinated well. But from the perspective of developing speed, it is another story. The analysis result of the co-relationship of its scientific and technological investment and its economic growth suggests that its economic growth is rather related to its scientific and technological research and development expenditure. And the analysis result of the co-relationship of Jilin province’s scientific and technological conversion strength and its economic effectiveness and efficiency reveals that its economic effectiveness and efficiency is highly related to its ability to develop new products. This indicates that it is the direction to strengthen Jilin province’s scientific and technological conversion strength. By doting this, the economy and science and technology may coordinate and promote each other.
Pointing to the problems existed in the coordinated development of Jilin province’s science and technology, this paper offer some suggestions and counter-measurements, such as establishing multi-dimensional investment mechanism, etc.
The research on this project offers the provincial governments some reference value when they orient the economic development and when they make regional economic development decision. They may allocate the rare resources reasonably, and make scientific development planning.
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