摘要
技术创新是经济增长的源泉,更是企业、地区乃至国家获取竞争优势和实现可持续发展的不竭动力,这已为世界各国经济发展的实践所证明。1995年5月,我国政府提出“科教兴国”的总体发展战略,以“引进—吸收—再创新”的方式获得了技术的巨大进步,促进了我国经济高速增长以及经济增长方式的转变,表明技术创新已经在中国经济发展中发挥着主导性作用。2006年,党中央、国务院做出“增强自主创新能力,建设创新型国家”的战略部署,标志我国技术创新模式的战略转换。要建设创新型国家必须构建包括科技中介服务体系在内的国家创新体系,从而为自主创新提供组织和机制保障。在支撑技术创新环境体系中,技术市场扮演重要角色。许多国家的发展实践证明,在以技术为驱动力的市场经济体系中,高效率的技术市场能促进科技成果的商品化、产业化,实现科技与经济的紧密结合。基于此,对技术创新背景下,中国技术市场发展问题进行研究就具有十分重要的理论价值和实践意义。本文对技术市场运行机制、技术市场促进技术创新的内在机理进行系统、深入研究,结合目前技术市场发展现状提出促进我国技术市场的发展对策。研究内容主要包括:
第一,剖析技术市场的特殊性,揭示技术市场独特的运行规律。通过与普通商品市场对比,从技术商品属性、技术交易方式、技术合约以及典型的“柠檬市场”特征等方面,分析了技术市场有别于普通商品市场的特殊性;从技术市场内各构成要素间的制约关系及功能入手,构建了包含价格机制、竞争机制、供求机制和风险机制在内的技术市场运行机制理论模型。
第二,探讨了技术市场促进技术创新的机理。从市场功能实现的视角,分析了技术市场发展对解决技术创新面临难题的有效性。基于弗洛姆的期望理论建立包含技术市场因素的技术创新动力模型,揭示技术市场促进技术创新的内在机理,为技术市场制度优化提供理论前提。
第三,运用协整分析方法,对技术市场和技术创新的关系进行检验,采用回归分析方法对我国技术市场发展与技术创新的关联度进行了测算。
第四,在理论模型建立和实证分析的基础上,阐明我国技术市场发展制约因素,提出促进我国技术市场发展的对策。
Technology innovation is the source of economic growth. It is an inexhaustible motive force for the enterprise、the area and even the country to achieve the competitive advantage and sustainable development. This has been proved by the practice of the economic development of all countries in the world. The government suggested the overall development strategy of "Developing the Country through Science and Education" in May of 1995. The great progress of technology was made by the way of "introduction-assimilation-innovation again". It promoted the economic development with a high speed and the transformation of the ways to achieve economic growth in China. This indicates that technology innovation has played a dominant role in the Chinese economic development. The Central Committee and the State Council made the strategic arrangement of "enhancing the ability of independent innovation and building innovation-oriented country" in 2006. It indicates the strategic conversion of the technology innovation mode in China. The technology market plays an important role in the environmental system for supporting technology innovation. Many countries' development practice has proved that the technology market with high efficiency can promote the commercialization and socialization of scientific and technical achievements and achieve the tight combination between technology and economy. Based on this, it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to research the problem of the development of technology market in China under the background of technology innovation. In this paper, the operation mechanism of the technology market and the inherent mechanism that the technology market promoting technology innovation are made a deep systematic study. The development countermeasures for promoting Chinese technology market are proposed according to the actual condition of the technology market development. The study has the following main aspects:
First, the particularity of the technology market is analyzed to reveal the unique operation rules of technology market. By contrast with the common market of goods, the particularity that the technology market is different from the general commodity markets is analyzed from the aspects of the attributes of technical goods、the modes of technological trading、technological contracts and the typical "lemon market" characteristics. Starting with the functions and the restraint relations among the constituent elements in the technology market, the theoretical model of the operation mechanism of the technology market is constructed including the price mechanism, the competition mechanism, the supply and demand mechanism and the risk mechanism.
Second, the mechanism for technology market promoting technology innovation is explored. Based on the perspective of the achievement of the technology market function, the effectiveness of the technology market development for the solution of the problems that technology innovation faces is examined. On the basis of Vroom's expectancy theory, the model of technology innovation impetus including the technology market factors is established, the internal mechanism for technology market promoting technology innovation is revealed. The theoretical premise is provided for the optimization of the technology market system.
Third, the relationship between the technology market and technology innovation is examined. The connection between the technology market development in China and technology innovation is made an empirical measure using the method of the regression analysis.
Fourth, based on the establishment of the theoretical models and the conclusions of the empirical analysis, the factors restraining the technology market development are clarified and the countermeasures are put forward to promote the technology market development in China.
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