摘要
旅游业在我国的经济发展中占有重要的地位,正在成为我国国民经济的支柱产业和新的经济增长点。在现实生活中,“旅游信用危机”已开始显现,特别是旅游企业的失信引发了大量的旅游投诉,极大地阻碍了我国旅游业的健康发展。旅游信用问题引起了社会的广泛关注和相关管理部门的高度重视。国家旅游局要求旅游行业应大力推进诚信建设,尽快搭建旅游信用体系框架。在实践中,某些地方旅游管理部门和一些行业协会已经开始着手进行旅游企业信用体系建设的先期工作。少数学者对此课题也进行了有益的探讨。但总体来看,对该课题的研究还处于起始阶段,缺乏全面、系统、深入的理论研究。因此,旅游信用问题研究已成为当前我国旅游业发展中一个迫切需要研究的新课题。对其进行全面、系统的研究,不仅有助于旅游学科体系和信用理论的完善,而且可以为我国旅游业的健康发展提供理论依据和实践指导,有助于整个社会道德水平的提高和社会良好风气的形成,有助于促进我国“信用经济时代”的到来,有助于和谐社会的构建,因而具有较高的理论意义和重要的现实意义。
论文的分析过程遵循提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的经济学一般规律。在对有关信用基本理论研究的基础上,论文首先对旅游信用的一些基本状况进行研究,然后重点对政府、旅游企业和旅游个人这三个旅游信用主体行为进行分析,其中包括其行为边界界定、失信表现及其失信原因分析;最后提出解决旅游信用问题的对策,即进行旅游信用制度建设。
论文的结构和主要内容如下。
第一章是旅游信用理论来源研究。旅游信用研究属于社会信用体系中的行业信用体系研究范畴,其研究起始于信用研究。因此,论文对与研究相关的信
Tourism industry plays an important role in developing economy in our country and is becoming the pillar and a new point of economic growth in our civil economy. In real life, a crisis about tourism credit has showed, especially credit lack of tourism enterprises has caused a lot of appeal and thus restricting tourism development of our country healthily. The problem of tourism credit has aroused the whole society and managing department related to pay great attention to it. The national tourism bureau advances we should push construction of trust in tourism and design a frame of tourism credit system as soon as possible. In practice, some regional managing departments and guilds in tourism have begun to build credit system of tourism enterprise. Few scholars have discussed it as well. As a whole, the study on the problem is in an initial stage and lacks an in-depth academic study. So, the problem has become a new task that needs to research it urgently. It not only can provides theoretic foundation and actual guidance and thus improves the international competitive force of tourism industry in our country, but also can help to enhance moral level of whole society and shape a well social fashion, and to accelerate a era of credit economy to come and build a harmonious society. Therefore, the study has an important theoretic meaning and a practical significance.The analyzing process follows common rules of economics that puts forward a problem and then analyzes it and solves it. On the basis of credit theories, the paper first studies some basic general situation about tourism credit, and then stresses analyses on actions of the government, enterprise and individual that include
defining on their action boundaries, behavior of credit lack and causes of credit lack. Finally, the paper puts forward countermeasures solving the problem of tourism credit, namely, construction of system of tourism credit The structure and contents of the paper are as follows.Chapter 1 is about the origin of theory on tourism credit. The study on tourism credit is part of social credit system and it roots in credit study. The paper hackles some credit theories that relate to tourism credit. These theories include Marks' theories such as credit and credit relation, commercial credit and bank credit and credit system, the traditional credit theories in the western countries such as credit agent theory, credit creation theory and credit adjustment theory, and the modern credit theories such as non-symmetrical information theory, dealing cost theory and game theory, and so on. They establish bases for study on tourism credit.Chapter 2 is a conspectus on tourism credit. In order to build a frame of study on tourism credit, the paper undertakes researches on some basic general situation, for example, concept defining of tourism credit and its characteristic and its types, and tourism credit system.It is an analysis on credit actions of the main body of tourism credit from chapter 3 to chapter 5. Credit action is an action that people behave in economic company according to the principles and demands and criterion of credit, including possession and acceptance and performance of right. So, to a great extent, analyses of credit are analyses of credit action. The main body of tourism credit includes tourism enterprise and tourism individual and the government. Because tourism industry possesses characteristics of strong all-around property, bigger associated degree and vast involved aspects, credit action of the main body of tourism credit are more complex than the others. For instance, tourism enterprises credit include various enterprises such as travel agency, hotel, tourism traffic, tourism shop and scenic spots; individual credit include both practitioners credit and tourists credit. Various main bodies of tourism credit act differently, so we need to study them deeply. The paper anatomizes their credit actions in detail applying to some theories of economy and tourism science.
Chapter 3 is a study on government credit of tourism. Government credit of tourism is the key in tourism credit system and has a demonstrating effect. Its credit depends on its function. If the functions of the government define dully, the government lacks credit easily. So, first, the paper defines the functions and action boundaries of the government in developing tourism in a great deal sections, and then the paper analyzes various credit problems of the government applying some economic theories. For instance, the policies of tourism are random and dark, its deeds are unfair and inequity, its deeds depend on official will, and its deeds take on a trend of seeking economic profits and a ism of regional protection causes credit lack. Eventually the paper discusses causes of credit lack of the government. The causes sum up as follows: there existed limitations of system in the period of transition in China, the functions of the government have produced dissimilation, a phenomenon called district economy results in credit lack of the government, the government itself looks after profits, and lawful restrictions intenerate and system construction lags in our country.Chapter 4 is a study on enterprise credit of tourism. As a main part of economic movement of tourism, credit actions of tourism enterprises become the main body of tourism credit naturally. Among whole system of tourism credit, credit of tourism enterprise is crucial. Credit actions of tourism enterprise are manifested by the actions of price, sales promotion, service and competition, hi tourism market, credit lacks of the enterprises in China include payment in arrears, various credit lacks such as tourism contract bargaining, quality of service, shopping, capital, sales promotion and price, and counterfeit. The factors of credit lack of the enterprises include the factors of system, market, information, culture, management and law, and so on.Chapter 5 is a study on individual credit tourism. Individual credit of tourism is a base among tourism credit system. The chapter includes two parts. Part one studies credit action, credit lack behavior and causes of credit lack of individual credit tourism. Part two discusses development of consumption credit of tourism.Chapter 6 is a study on construction of credit system of tourism. To solve tourism credit lack, the key is to build a system of tourism credit. On the basis of
experience about construction of credit system in developed countries and other callings in our country, combined characteristics of tourism itself, the paper undertakes a study how to build tourism credit system. They include both construction of ethics criterion and the lawful environments in macro-lay and credit system construction of tourism enterprise, tourism individual and the government in micro-lay. The main conclusions of the paper are as follows: K We should build moral standard of tourism credit from these aspects of increasing effective supply of system, doing well moral construction of the officials, doing well public moral construction of society, strengthening professional moral construction of tourism, and shaping a criterion of club. 2 -, A lawful system construction of tourism credit includes legislation and executing the law of credit and establishing a punishment mechanism for credit lack. 3n Countermeasures on building credit system of tourism enterprise in our country include establishing system of property right, credit evaluation, credit management, credit encouragement and punishment and proclamation, and credit culture, and bringing into play function of guild. 4> Countermeasures on building credit system of tourism individual include creating a nicer surrounding of social credit, building system of evaluation and management of individual credit and strengthening education. 5 > Countermeasures on building government credit include changing its function, standardizing its actions, changing its concept of credit, promoting moral making and administrative level of the officials, making evaluation system more perfect, building self-contained law system, and bringing into play function of guild.On the basis of absorbing the former fruit, innovative points of the paper are as follows: Firstly, a study thinking of combining different subject. As the study on tourism credit is a new field combined economics and tourism science, the paper studies it using a method combined different subject Secondly, putting forward a new concept. Based on concept of credit, the paper puts forwards concept of tourism credit from the angle of broad sense and researches it roundly. Thirdly, establishing a system of tourism credit that includes enterprise, individual and the government, hi the system, individual credit is a base, enterprise credit is a center, and government
credit is a core and key. Fourthly, defining action boundaries of government credit of tourism. There have been a lot of disposals at all times about the function of the government in developing tourism. The paper considers that its main functions are macro-management, harmony and supervision and service at present according to the situation of our country. Namely, action boundaries of the government are limited to the following aspects: cultivating perfect system of tourism market, eliminating exterior non-economy, keeping competition and opposing monopoly, providing public products of tourism, rectifying non-symmetrical information of tourism, establishing and performing tourism law, and carrying out tourism regulations. Fifthly, building evaluation system of tourism enterprise. Sixthly, the paper carries through study on individual credit of tourism from the angle of moral credit and capital credit.The paper needs to study problems in-depth: l.To analyze the problem in-depth by applying a method of game theory. 2. Taking a tourism city as an example, to build a more perfect and strong operational evaluation system on enterprise and individual of tourism, and to spread it all over the country.
引文
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