摘要
节能增效是我国石油工业生产与开发中一直倍受关注的问题,本文即是以实现油气井固井低成本节能材料的研制与开发为主要目标而提出的。以面向利用工业废料矿渣和粉煤灰为基本材料开发无水泥熟料新型胶结材料为中心内容,力求通过对体系开展系统的实验及理论研究,找寻和开发出能够满足常规固井作业要求的胶结封固新材料的可行途径及体系设计方法。论文研究成果的完成,不仅能直接降低固井水泥材料成本、提高油气田开发效益,而且能够进一步扩大我国工业废料在生产中的应用,对节约水泥生产资源和能源,保护环境等方面均具有十分重要的意义。本文的研究内容和成果如下:
首先,论述混合胶凝体系采用矿渣和粉煤灰这两种工业废渣作为基本掺合材料混合体系基材的形成、作用及其物理化学性能。通过对掺和材料体系的特性分析提出有效地利用该胶凝体系不仅有利于环境保护而且经过多元组分的有机配比能够满足常规固井作业的要求。
其次,本文以颗粒密集堆积理论为基础,通过对比不同细度的粉煤灰、矿渣这两种矿物掺合料以不同比例掺配后形成的粉体颗粒级配及胶凝试件的强度,分析了在胶凝材料颗粒级配逐渐趋向于紧密堆积时对水泥胶砂试件强度的影响。
再次,研究分析了矿渣-粉煤灰混合胶凝体系在合适的碱性激发剂作用下协同发挥水硬性的作用特征,为开展矿渣-粉煤灰混合胶凝材料的试制研究工作提供了可行的途径。
利用X-射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等设备对该混合胶凝体系在常温常压条件下的水化产物进行了较详细地分析和研究,揭示了矿渣粉煤灰材料的水化作用特点及强度特征,并通过对矿渣与粉煤灰两种基质材料在不同物质组分配比、不同激活剂及外加剂的成分及加量、不同水灰比条件下所组成的多元组分体系的流动性、流变性、凝结特性、强度等主要工程性能的变化进行了测试和分析,提出了矿渣、粉煤灰、碱激活剂及其它外加剂等的有关颗粒级配、组分加量与水灰比等因素对混合胶凝体系工程性能的影响规律。
最后,根据油田现场中浅井固井作业的实际要求,提出了密度在1.78~1.80g/cm3,流动度在19~22cm,凝结时间为初凝在1h30min~3h30min、终凝在1h以内的混合胶凝体系结构,为探索节能、环保、低成本固井液体系提供技术开发的理论及实验基础与可行性途径。
本文创新性的将粉煤灰污染物质有效的和高炉矿渣有机的结合应用于石油工业的固井工艺。通过对矿渣、粉煤灰及相关掺料多元组分的化学特性的深入研究,分析胶凝体系的不同配比对固井水泥浆体系性能和强度影响规律,提出满足常规固井作业要求的胶结封固新型水泥浆体系的研究途径和设计方法。本文的研究不仅降低了石油固井的作业成本,而且弥补了石油固井作业充分利用废渣提高固井质量研究方面的空白,丰富和发展油井水泥浆体系的材料学理论,同时对进一步扩大和深化工业废料在新的领域应用,实现矿渣资源的有效利用和粉煤灰污染物的有效处理,在节约能量利用和环境保护方面均具有巨大的意义。
Energy saving and efficiency increasing are always the problems which have been attracted the attentions in the petroleum manufacturing and developing in our country. This dissertation is put forward by the principal target as achieve the manufacturing and developing of low-cost and saving energy materials that are used in oil and gas well cementing job. It is put as the center content that using the industrial discharge slag and fly ash as the fundamental material to develop the new cementing material without cement clinker. Through doing the best to launch the systematical experiment and theoretical research to the system, looking for and developing the practicable way and the system design method of new cementing material can be contented to the conventional cementing job demand. The completion of the dissertation research achievement, not only can directly reduce the cementing material cost and enhance the benefit of oil and gas field exploiting, but also can expand the apply of industrial waster in production. It also has very important significance in some parts such as saving production resources and energy and protecting environment. The research contents and results are as follows:
Firstly, the forming, function, physical and chemical properties of mixed gel system using industrial waste of slag and fly ash as substrate materials of a basic admixture materials mixed system was discussed in this paper. Through the analysis of the characteristics of mixed material system,effective use of the proposed gel system is not only favorable to the environment protection, but also can satisfy the requirement of conventional cementing operation by means of matching organic ratio of multiple components.
Secondly, on the basic of grain concept of high packing density theory, by contrast of different proportion of powder particle gradation and gel strength of the specimen, which are made of different fineness of fly ash and slag, on the strength of cement grinding specimens when gel particle gradation tend to close up was analyzed.
Thirdly, the characteristics of synergetic hydraulic effect, which is stimulated by alkaline chemicals in the mixed gel system of slag and flying ash, was analyzed,and it provides an available method in the study of mixed gel system of slag and flying ash.
The hydration products of the mixed gel system under atmospheric conditions was analyzed and studied in detail by using equipment as XRD and SEM etc, the hydration characteristic of the slag-fly ash materials and strength characteristics are revealed, and through carrying on the related survey and analysis to the main engineering capacity transformation of the multi-component system formed by slag and fly ash in different component addition, different activator and additives component and addition, different water-cement ratio condition, such as flow property, rheological property, thickening property, water loss, permeability and strength property etc. It puts forward the law that the factors as grain fraction, component addition, water-cement ratio etc. of slag, fly ash and alkali-activator and other additives affect the engineering capacity of mixed gel system.
At last, according to the oil field actual requirements of shallow cementing operation, the conclusion obtained is the mixed gel system of the density 1.78~1.80 g/cm3,the fluidity 19 ~ 22cm, the initial setting time 1 hour 30 minutes to 3 hour 30 minutes, and the final setting time within 1h,which can supply the technical development theory, the experiment foundation and the practicable way for exploring the saving energy, protecting environment and low-cost cementing fluid system.
In this paper, the innovative organic combination of the fly ash pollutants and blast furnace slag is applied to the oil industry cementing technique. Through the further research on chemical properties of slag, fly ash and related admixtures multiple components, the influence law of cementing mud system performance and strength at different ratio gel system is analyzed, It puts forward new approaches and design method of cementation cementing slurry system to satisfy regular cementing operation requirements. This study not only reduces the cost of cementing operation but also fill a vacancy in full use of waste residue to improve cementing quality, enriches and develops oil well slurry system material science theory ,and further expands and deepens the industrial waste in new applications, realizes the effective utilization of slag resources and the effective treatment of fly ash pollutants, has great significance in saving energy utilization and environmental protection aspect.
引文
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