摘要
知识是组织寻求持续竞争优势的战略资源。要想在激烈的竞争中占据优势地位,组织必须保持持续的知识更新与创造的能力,这就需要对组织知识进行有效的管理。知识网络是知识管理理论的新发展,在知识获取、存储与共享过程中起着重要的作用。组织内部知识网络是由组织中的知识及掌握知识的人所连接而成的网络,人与人之间、人与知识之间,以及知识与知识之间的连接关系使得这种网络呈现出复杂的结构特征。组织内部知识网络中最重要的连接关系之一是人与人之间的知识共享关系,它既是知识网络结构形成的重要因素,又受到知识网络结构的影响和限制。本文在国内外研究成果的基础之上,综合运用知识管理理论、计算机技术、复杂网络等理论与方法建立组织内部知识网络的模型,对其结构进行深入的研究;在此基础之上运用组织内部知识网络中面向知识共享的信任网络,建立知识网络的结构与知识共享的关系,进而研究其中的知识共享博弈及实现高水平知识共享的条件。本文从新的视角运用新的方法对组织内部知识网络和知识共享进行研究,有助于更加深入的理解组织内部知识的组织形式和知识共享的机制,为促进组织知识共享提供决策依据。
在多个领域对知识网络的研究基础之上,界定组织内部知识网络及知识共享的概念和内涵,分析组织内部知识网络模型的机理;并提出组织内部知识网络模型的构建、实现、结构分析,以及知识网络结构中的知识共享的研究框架。
结合本体理论,在分析组织知识构成的基础上建立组织内部知识网络的双层结构模型,并运用本体工程技术对该模型进行实现,从而获取组织的知识网络。该模型包括结构层和本体层两部分。结构层是以人和知识为节点,以各种连接关系为边的网状结构;本体层包含了组织中的知识与人的各种信息,用于对结构层中每个节点以及每条关系进行标注。
结合复杂网络理论和本体理论,提出组织内部知识网络的三种结构分析方法:基本结构分析、基于关联路径的结构分析以及知识社区分析。组织内部知识网络的基本结构分析将组织内部知识网络作为一个单纯的网状结构,运用复杂网络理论对其拓扑结构进行研究;关联路径是路径概念的拓展,可以利用本体层的丰富信息和基于本体的研究方法将知识对结构的影响考虑在内,使组织内部知识网络的结构分析更加有意义;知识社区是组织内部知识网络中知识交流与合作频繁、知识共享水平较高的团体,对组织内部知识网络的结构和功能有着重要的影响。本文运用马尔可夫聚类的方法,考虑结构和知识两方面的因素来分析组织内部知识网络中的知识社区。
面向知识共享的信任网络是组织内部知识网络中人与人之间在知识共享过程中形成的信任关系连接而成的网络。这种信任关系包括知识共享参与者的行为和知识两方面的因素,以边的权值的形式反映在网络中。面向知识共享的信任网络是组织成员在长期知识共享活动所形成的社会网络,其结构对知识共享有重要的影响作用。
以面向知识共享的信任网络为平台,研究知识共享的博弈机制和实现高水平知识共享的条件。在研究中,知识共享博弈的假设条件逐渐放宽,运用了包括重复博弈与不同有限理性水平下的进化博弈在内的多种博弈模型,对不同网络结构下实现知识共享的条件进行研究,以分析组织的激励策略和组织知识网络的结构对知识共享的影响作用。
最后以一个科研组织为例,建立组织内部科研合作的知识网络模型,分析其结构特征,并运用建模仿真等方法对组织内部知识网络中的知识共享博弈机制和实现条件进行验证。
Knowledge is the strategic resources for an organization to obtain sustainable competitive advantage. Sustainable knowledge creation is the guarantee for superiority in the rat race. Therefore, effective knowledge management is necessary for an organization. Knowledge network is the late development of knowledge management theory. It plays an important role in the process of knowledge acquisition, storage and sharing. Intra-organization Knowledge Network is composed by organization member and organization knowledge which are conncected by relationships between member and knowledge, members, or knowledge units. These relationships make it has a complex sturcture. The relationship of knowledge sharing is one of the most important connections in Intra-organization Knowledge Network. It is the important factor for the forming of complex structure, and is also limited by the network structure. Based on domestic and overseas research, a model of Intra-organization Knowledge Network is built using knowledge management theory, complex network theory and compute technology. Then, its structure is deeply analyzed. From Inta-organization Knowledge Nnetwork, another network called Knowledge Sharing Trust Network is built to connect the knowledge network and knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing in Intra-organization Knowledge Network is also studied using game theory based on Knowledge Sharing Trust Network. The new angle and method of this research bring an in-depth understanding of intra-organization knowledge distribution and knowledge sharing mechanism. It also provides decision support for an organization to promote knowledge sharing.
Based on knowledge network research in several areas, concept and content of Intra-organization Knowledge Network and knowledge sharing are defined. The research frame of this network is then present, and it includes model building, realization and structure analysis of intra-organization network, and knowledge sharing games on the structure of the knowledge network.
With ontology theory, an Intra-organization Knowledge Network model which has a bilayer structure is built based on the analysis of organization knowledge components. Intra-organization Knowledge Network can be got through realization of this model using ontology engineering method. This bilayer model includes structure layer and ontology layer. Structure layer is composed by member and knowledge as nodes, which are connected by different kind of relations as edges. Ontology layer include informations of member and knowledge in the organization and is used to annotate nodes and edges of structure layer.
The structure of Intra-organization Knowledge Network is analyzed from three aspects, which are basic structure analysis, association path based structure analysis and knowledge community analysis. Basic structure analysis mainly focuses on measurement of network structure from complex network theory. Association path is expanded from the concept of path, which can take use of the information of ontology layer. Therefore, impact of knowledge network content on network structure can be considered and more meaningful structure analysis can be made. Knowledge community is the subgroup in knowledge network, in which knowledge exchange and cooperation is more frequent. It is important for the structure and function of knowledge network. Markov clustering method is used to analysis knowledge community in Intra-organization Knowledge Network.
Intra-organization Knowledge Network and knowledge sharing are connected by Knowledge Sharing Trust Network, which is a network of trust in the process of knowledge sharing. The trust considers behavior and knowledge of knowledge sharing participant, and it is the edge weight of Knowledge Sharing Trust Network. The structure of Knowledge Sharing Trust Network plays an important role in knowledge sharing.
Knowledge Sharing Trust Network is the platform of knowledge sharing. In this study, knowledge sharing is taken as a kind of game between participants. Mechanism and condition of knowledge sharing are studied using repeated game approach and evolutionary game approach with gradually loosening hypothesis. Impact of motivation strategy and Knowledge Sharing Trust Network structure on knowledge sharing are also analyzed.
At the end, previous researches are tested by an instance of Intra-organization Knowledge Network of a research organization. The knowledge network structure and knowledge sharing game on it are also analyzed.
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