摘要
直升机是高度复杂的航空产品,设计难度大,涉及技术面广,综合性强。为适应中国直升机快速发展要求,取得市场竞争优势,直升机企业必须在较短的时间内研制出高质量、低成本、满足用户需求的产品,采用基于数字样机的直升机协同设计手段是取得成功的重要途径之一。
本文首先分析了直升机数字样机和协同设计的研究现状,剖析了当前我国直升机设计的主要需求,结合飞机制造业数字化工程项目的开展,对基于数字样机的直升机协同设计若干关键技术进行了研究,主要包括:
(1)针对直升机数字样机快速更改的需求,提出了直升机数字样机模型链接表示方法及模型链接关系求解算法。通过模型几何元素或参数之间的外部引用或直接关联建立模型链接,采用模型链接关系图表示链接关系。设计了基于模型链接关系图的数字样机模型更改影响性分析及快速更改算法,用于分析数字样机模型更改后对其它模型的影响,并对受影响模型进行快速更改。
(2)针对直升机数字样机进化控制的需求,提出了直升机可变配置单元设计成熟度评价与控制方法。根据可变配置单元成熟的相关因素多、关联性强的特点,从功能、数字模型、可制造性、可维护性和属性五方面系统地建立了直升机可变配置单元设计成熟度评价指标。提出了直升机可变配置单元设计成熟度多级模糊评价模型、流程和算法,用于量化可变配置单元设计的成熟情况。结合直升机设计工程化实践,提出了可变配置单元及全机设计成熟度的进化控制规则。
(3)针对直升机数字样机高效协调的需求,提出了直升机数字样机空间区域计算与搜索算法。综合分析数字样机空间区域特性和多种表示方法,结合直升机空间区域特点,提出了AABB层次树的空间区域表示方法及直升机数字样机区域划分原则。设计了基于AABB层次树的数字样机空间区域计算与搜索算法,支持基于空间区域过滤的直升机数字样机检查。
论文最后给出了基于数字样机的直升机协同设计若干关键技术实现的系统功能结构和信息模型,并对它们在某型直升机研制中的工程应用情况及效果进行了分析,结果表明:(a)直升机模型链接关系表示与求解技术支持下的数字样机上下文设计流程缩短了直升机数字样机的更改周期;(b)通过直升机可变配置单元设计成熟度的评价和成熟度门进化控制机制实现了直升机数字样机的快速设计进化;(c)基于空间区域计算与搜索的直升机数字样机设计协调流程有效提高了直升机数字样机设计效率,验证了基于数字样机的直升机协同设计若干关键技术的有效性。
Helicopter is a highly complex aviation product with a wide range of technologies and highly comprehensive, so its development is very difficult. In order to meet the need of rapid growth of Chinese helicopter and obtain competitive advantages from market, Helicopter enterprise should develop helicopter products with high quality and low cost in a relatively short time to meet customer’s needs. Using the helicopter collaborative design means based on digital mock-up (DMU) is one of the important ways to success.
Firstly, the related researches and applications of helicopter DMU and collaborative design are analyzed and the current main requirements of helicopter design in China are dissected. With the support of the project of digitalization engineering for aircraft manufacturing Industry, several key technologies of helicopter collaborative design based DMU are studied.
(1) For the requirement of helicopter DMU rapid changes, the expression method of model link relationship (MLR) and the calculation algorithm of MLR for helicopter DMU are proposed. With external reference or the directly conjunction among geometrical elements and parameters in DMU models, the MLR are established. The graph of model link relationship (GMLR) is employed to express the correlative connection among digital models, and the algorithms of DMU models change impact analysis and rapid change based on GMLR are designed. They are used to analyze the influence to DMU models caused by some models’change and to implement rapid changes of DMU models affected.
(2) For the needs of process control for helicopter collaborative design, the method of the evaluation and control of design maturity for helicopter variable configuration item (VCI) is proposed. Based on the analysis of the evaluation factors in five aspects: function, geometric digital model, manufacturability, maintainability and attributes of helicopter VCI, the index system for its design maturity evaluation is established according to the characteristics of helicopter VCI in which there are closely related many factors. The evaluation model, process and algorithm for the design maturity of VCI are proposed to quantify its mature during the development of helicopter. Combination of helicopter design practice, the control rules of design maturity of VCI and whole aircraft are put forward.
(3) For the requirement of efficient coordination of helicopter DMU, the algorithm of spatial region calculation and search for helicopter DMU is proposed. The features of DMU spatial region are analyzed and the bounding volume hierarchical tree of axis aligned bounding box (AABB) is applied to express DMU region. The algorithms of automatic spatial region calculation and spatial region search based on AABB hierarchy are developed. In light of the actual review of helicopter DMU, the principle of region partition for helicopter DMU is summarized and the corresponding review process for DMU region based on DMU region search are established.
Lastly, the overall functional framework and the information models for the application system to implement collaborative design of helicopter based on DMU were proposed. The technologies presented in this thesis were employed successfully to develop some civil helicopter. The application effect demonstrated that: (a) the design in context process of DMU under the support of express method and calculation algorithms of MLR was used to design and change of helicopter DMU, the cycle of the helicopter DMU change was shortened; (b) The mechanism of evolution control was used to achieve rapid design evolution for helicopter DMU based on the maturity gate which was measured by the evaluation of helicopter VCI; (c) The application of mode of collaborative design of helicopter DMU based on region filter improved the review of helicopter DMU. The application effect demonstrated also the effectiveness of the server key technologies about the helicopter collaborative design based on DMU.
引文
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