摘要
统计过程控制(Statistical Process Control,SPC)技术在推动工业生产过程的改进、生产率的提高和产品质量的改善等方面都起到了巨大的推动作用。SPC技术在制造行业的成功推广实施,为众多企业创造了不可估量的价值,也为SPC在软件行业的应用奠定了理论和实践的基础。本文介绍了如何将SPC技术引入到软件开发领域,实现软件项目管理的透明化和量化管理。在传统的单变量统计过程控制领域,针对软件开发领域的特殊性,作者结合实例,主要详细介绍了统计控制技术的原理,重点讲述了X-Rs图和C图的计算原理和用法。同时,作者还研究了多变量统计过程控制技术的概念和原理,利用主元分析方法,对存在相互关联关系的过程参数进行分析,并使用贡献图找出引起过程异常的主要原因方向,成功的实现了多变量统计控制技术在软件开发过程控制中的应用。同时,基于以上研究,作者开发了基于MS Excel的简单易用的控制图绘图工具,并结合实例,展示了两种过程控制方法在软件开发过程中的具体应用。
Statistical Process Control (SPC) has been acting as a gigantic drive in terms of bettering production process, efficiency and quality. Immeasurable value has been created for many enterprises since the successful implementation of SPC in manufacturing industry while establishing theoretical and practical fundament for its application in software industry. This paper introduces how we induct SPC technology into software development field as to realize transparency in project and quantitative management.
Aiming at particularity of software development, the author mostly explains the principle of Single-variable SPC technology and usage of X-Rs chart and C chart integrating a few examples. Meanwhile, the author has studied the concept and principle of Multi-variable SPC (MSPC) and analyzed the process parameters which have existing correlations using Principle Component Analysis. Also, the application of multi-variable SPC in software development process has been achieved successfully utilizing the major causes found in the contribution charts. At the same time, based on the above studies, the author developed a handy charting tool for control charts based on MS Excel and showcased the material applications of the two process control methods in software development process.
引文
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