摘要
水泵作为重要的机电产品，广泛应用于从工农业生产到人们日常生活的各个领域。虽然它们的使用条件和技术标准不同，但质量与运行可靠性却是其共同的要求。关于水泵产品质量评价所涉及的抽样方案、性能测试及其测量不确定度、可靠性试验技术的研究，对于水泵产品质量与可靠性的提高无疑具有重要意义。
本文以概率论、数理统计为基础，分析了抽样检验两种错误的产生原因，论述了监督型抽检与验收型抽检的特点。在抽样检验中两类错误判定客观存在的情况下，提出了监督型抽样检验应重点控制生产方风险。以概率统计学中的小概率原理为方案的数学模型，设计了泵类产品常用的以不合格项次率为批质量指标的监督型抽样方案表，解决了目前泵类产品抽样检验以不合格项次为考核指标时无章可循的问题。
以误差分析为基础，分析了目前水泵试验的测试精度，提出了采用当代高精度仪表，并对其进行原位校正，应用16位A/D转换，采用微机对试验数据进行自动采集与处理，可以大大提高泵的测试精度，使泵效率测试误差控制在±0.3～0.5％范围内。探讨了泵性能数据的处理方法，提出了采用正交多项式并转化为一般多项式来拟合水泵性能曲线，可避免解联立方程组的繁琐和其它拟合方法所产生的方程组不稳定的弊端，并且可通过显著性检验来确定拟合的多项式次数，避免了其取值凭经验的问题。
探讨了泵性能参数常用测试方法的测量不确定度来源，提出了各参数测量不确定度评定的具体方法，建立了泵性能参数测试的不确定度评定程序。
由于潜水电泵属于一种长寿命的可修复的复杂机电产品，其可靠性试验方法有其自身的特点，本文验证了潜水电泵的故障分布，提出了其可靠性考核的可靠性特征量及其故障判据，给出了其可靠性验证试验的试验方案与试验程序。
Water pumps, one kind of important electromechanical product, are widely used in various fields, from industry, agriculture to household applications. Although with different run-condition and standards, all of the production has some common demands, such as quality and reliability. The study on their quality evaluation, i.e. the study on their sampling plan, property test and its measurement uncertainty, reliability theories and reliability test, are very important to the estimate of their quality and reliability.
The two kinds of mistakes existing in sampling inspection are analyzed and the characteristics of two kinds of sampling inspection are discussed in the dissertation. Under the condition of the inevitable mistakes, the viewpoint that the risk assumed by manufacture side should be controlled chiefly is come up with. To solve the problems existing in current sampling inspection when non-conforming items are used as quality index, Sampling procedures and tables for pump products are designed on the small probability principle of statistics.
Based on the theory of error, the article analyses the present situation of measuring technology of pump. Point out that high precision measurement can be realized by the methods and channels, such as using high precision meters, and adjusting them in working position, applying 16 bit A/D transformer, introducing computer to process data, etc. The measurement precision of pump efficiency can be limited to the range from 0.3% to 0.5%. In this paper, the processing methods for pump property data are discussed. A new processing method is put forward that orthogonal polynomial is used to fit the characteristic curves of pump with random data to avoid the ill-conditioned system of equations that probably appears in ordinary polynomial fitting. The Forsythe Recurrence Method is adopted to generate the orthogonal polynomial, and the degree of the polynomial is determined by significance test rather than by experience.
The sources of measurement uncertainty in the common pump property tests are discussed and evaluation methods of measurement uncertainty for different indexes are detailedly analyzed in the paper. Meanwhile, the evaluation procedure is given.
Because that water pump is one kind of long-life, repairable, complex item, its reliability test plans are different from those of others. In this paper, the distribution of
the pumps' failure rate is verified, the reliability indexes and failures' criterions are put forward, and the reliability test methods and their test programs are introduced.
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