摘要
本研究通过对三个不同国家（美国n=122、中国n=326、日本n=451）的学生运动员的大样本数据收集，分析和验证了三个国家被试在运动目标定向上的跨文化差异及目标定向理论与文化自我的关系，并尝试从文化的角度对这些差异进行分析和解释，以期为体育运动领域中目标定向理论的文化普适性发展做出贡献。
研究结果显示：（1）美国被试在任务定向上的得分显著高于中国被试和日本被试，中国被试和日本被试在任务定向的得分上没有显著性差异。而在自我定向上，日本被试的得分显著高于中国被试和美国被试，中国被试的自我定向得分也显著高于美国被试。（2）中国和美国被试都在自我定向上显示出了性别差异，而日本被试身上则没有。美国被试在自我定向上也显示出了运动项目上的差异，美国个人项目参与者的自我定向显著高于团体项目的参与者。而这种差异在中、日两国被试上则没有得到体现。（3）中国和日本被试的任务定向和自我定向相关都十分显著，而美国被试身上这两种目标定向的相关却并不显著。（4）美国被试的自我定向与独立型自我有显著相关，而与依赖型自我没有相关，任务定向与独立型和依赖型自我都没有显著相关。但在东方文化下的中国和日本两国被试身上，目标定向和两种文化自我类型都呈现出显著的相关。
上述研究结果与前人所做的研究结果呈现出某些方面的一致性，本研究尝试从文化的角度做出了分析和讨论，并提出了对未来研究方向的展望。
This cross-cultural study compared collage athletes from three different countries (TheUnited States n=122, China n=326, Japan n=451) on goal orientation.
Results indicated that:(1)American participants scored significantly higher than Chineseand Japanese in the task-orientation, there was no significant difference between Chinese andJapanese while on ego-orientation, Japanese scored significantly higher than Chinese andChinese scored significantly higher than American.(2)China and USA participants showedgender differences in ego orientation, and Japanese who did not. American showeddifferences of sports type on ego orientation.(3)Participants of China and Japan related veryprominently on task and ego orientation while Americans did not.(4) Americans showedcorrelation on independent self and ego-orientation only, while Chinese and Japanese showedsignificant correlation on both goal orientation and two kinds of self-cultural types.
These findings showed some kind of conformity to the previous study, which has beenanalyzed and interpreted from the perspective of culture and put forward the prospects forfurther research.
引文
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