摘要
组合机床是一种专门适用于特定零件和特定工序加工的机床,是组成自动化生产线不可缺少的机床品种。工业生产中对大型回转盘、环梁等工件的钻孔与铣削,普通机床的加工难度比较大,加工成本高,而且精度无法保证。环形打孔铣平面机主要针对这类零件的特定工序所设计,回转臂可以360°旋转,采用闭环控制系统,大大提高了加工精度、自动化程度和生产效率。本文同时也对大型组合机床的设计方法进行一些探索。
本文从设计环形打孔铣平面机的目的和意义入手,介绍了国内外制造业和组合机床的发展概况,对机床进行了总体方案设计,分别对机床各部分进行了详细的设计校核,并用三维造型软件CATIA建立了机床的实体模型。
有限元方法是现代工程分析与设计的一种快捷、有效的辅助工具。有限元分析及结构优化等CAE技术的应用,对缩短产品开发设计周期、降低产品制造成本、增强企业竞争力具有重要的意义。本文利用有限元分析软件ANSYS作为分析工具,对机床的关键部件——回转臂进行了静力分析与模态分析,求出了回转臂在静态载荷下的节点应力云图及变形云图;在模态分析中列出了回转臂的前十阶模态频率、振幅与振型,分析了结构的动态特性。通过以上分析,验证了机床回转臂结构符合设计要求,机床设计方案可行,并进行了总体精度分析。
Aggregate machine tools are designed for special parts and special working procedures. They are indispensably in automatic product line. In the industrial production to large-scale workpiece, such as turntable and ring beam, the processing of drilling and milling, general machine tools are more difficult, with high processing costs, but cannot guarantee accuracy. Annular drilling and milling machine tool is designed for these workpieces and special working procedures, the cross-beam can rotate 360, and uses closed-loop control system, which greatly improved the precision of producing parts and has more the degree of automatization, which got a high productivity. The thesis is to do some exploring to modern design method of aggregate machine tool.
In this thesis, began with the intension and significance of designing annular drilling and milling machine tool, introduced the development status of internal and overseas manufacturing and aggregate machine-tool, and designed the overall project of the machine tool, have completed the design and examination respectively on various parts of the machine tool in detail. CATIA, the 3-D modeling software is used to establish the solid models of the machine tool.
FEM (Finite Element Analysis) is a fast and good efficient design tool in modern engineering analysis and design. The application of Finite Element analysis and structure optimum etc CAE technology is significant in shortening the period of production development, reducing the cost of the manufacture and improving the enterprise competitive ability. In the thesis, the large-scale finite element analysis soft-ANSYS is used to static analysis, modal analysis of machine body cross-beam of annular drilling and milling machine tool. In static analysis, the deformation figure, stress figure of cross-beam of machine body are listed. In modal analysis, the first-ten-step frequencies, amplitudes of vibration and vibration modes are listed, then we analysis its dynamic characteristics. By the static analysis, it is verified that the structure design of crossbeam meet the demands of design and that the design scheme of the machine tool is feasible, and analyzed the precision of the machine.
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