摘要
对于过程工业的装置，由于原料性状和价格，产品规格和需求，生产环境条件，装置性能等都经常处于变化之中，因此必须随时根据情况的变化调整生产计划和各装置操作参数，才能长期维持生产效益处于优化的状态。本文研究的中心问题是：利用原有设备，充分挖掘潜力，达到增加产量、提高质量、降低成本的目的，即称之为操作条件的优化问题。
首先综合目前化工过程优化方面的科研成果，对化工过程多层优化框架的特点进行了简要的概括，同时对操作优化过程进行了详细的论述。并以某厂气体分馏装置为对象，对其操作进行优化研究。主要做了以下几方面的工作：
1、远程计算机通过Modem的通信、Windows操作系统与Dos操作系统之间的通信。
2、对气体分馏装置的运行状况进行深入分析，确定模型建立的自变量、因变量及目标函数。
3、对装置的运行进行机理的正交试验设计与数据结果分析，提出了装置调优的基本方向。
4、对现场数据的分析与处理，建立适合该装置的数学模型。
5、以模型为约束条件进行优化计算，得出调优的最终值。
6、对装置运行中可能遇到的情况和结合装置的特点建立在线指导专家系统。
With the plant operation, many factors such as the property and price of the feed, specifications and requirement of products, production environment and the nature of units are varying and impossible to keep the same as specified on original design. In these cases, it is necessary to adjust the set points of operation variables and make sure it really works in an optimized state to cope with the changing condition. So the center task of this article is: The better use of existing equipment will be achieved, the intrinsic power of the plant in order to increase productivity will be explored, and finally to raise the quality of products and decrease the operational cost of the plant. This is the technique called Optimization of Plant Operation (OPO). It has attracted the attention of scientists and engineers from many process industries.
This article synthesizes the current chemical engineering process optimization and characterizes chemical engineering process many layer optimizations frame to proceeds first, and treatise detailed operation optimization at the same time. The research work of this thesis consists of the following major parts:
1. The communication between long-range computers, the communication between windows and dos.
2. Deep analysis the condition of FCC proceeds and establishes dependence, independence and target function.
3. Bring up the basic direction of operation based on the result of machined orthogonal test.
4. Analysis the spot data with the mathematics model of handle, establishing in mathematics model keeping with the device.
5. Regarding model as control the term to proceed operation optimization
6. Right may circumstance that meet with in operation and the characteristic
of equipment to establish the on-line leading expert system.
引文
[1] Michalewicz,Z.and M.Schoenauer,Evolutionary algorithm for constrained parameter optimization problems,Evolutionary Computation(to appear).
[2] Myung,H.and J.Kim,Constrained optimization using two-phase evolutionary programming,Proceeding of the Third IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation,IEEE Press,pp262-267,1996．
[3] Yokota,T.,M.Gen,and Y.X.Li,Genetic algorithm for nonlinear mixed integer programming problems and its applications,Computers and Industrial Engineering,vol.30,no.4,pp.905-917,1996．
[4] Michalewicz,Z.,A survey Of constraint handling techniques in evolutionary computation methods,in McDen-nell,pp.135-155．
[5] Michalewicz,Z.,D.Dasgupta,R.G.Le Riche,and Schoenauer,Evolutionary algorithms for Industrial Engineering problems,International Joumal of Computers and Industrial Engineering,vol.3o,no.4,1996． .
[6] Kim,J.H.,and H.Myung,A two-phase evolutionary programming for general constrained optimization problem,in Proc.of the Fifth Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming,San Dego,1996．
[7] Michalewicz,Z.and N.Attia,Evolutionary optimization of constrained problems,in Sebald A.and L.Fogel,editors,Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming,World Scientific Publishing.River Edge,NJ,pp-98-108,1994．
[8] Michalewicz,Z.,T.Logan,and S.Swaminathan,Evolutionary operations for continuous convex parameter spaces,in Sebald,A.and L.Fogel,editors,Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming,World Scientific Publishing,River Edge,NJ,1994． ,pp.84-97．
[9] Schwefel,H.,Numerical optimization of Computer Models,John Wiley & Sons.Chichester,1981．
[10] Gen,M.,B.Liu,and K.Ida,Evolution program for deterministic and stochastic
optimizations,European Journal of operational Research,1996．
[11] Gen,M.,B.Liu,K.Ida,and D.Zheng,Evolution program for constrained nonlinear optimization,in Gen,M.and T.Kobayashi,Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering,Ashikaga,Japan,pp.576-579,1994．
[12] K.Deb.Optimization for Engineering Design: Algorithm and Example, Prentice-Hall,New Deli,1995．
[13] G.V.Reklaitis,A.Ravindran,K.M.Ragsdell,Engineering Optimization Methods and Aplications.Wiley,New York,1983．
[14] Z.Michalewicz,N.Attia.Evolutionary optimization of constrained problems, in: A.V.Sebald,L.J.Fogel (Eds),Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming,World Science,Singapore,1994,pp 98-108．
[15] Z.Michalewicz,M.Schoenauer,Evolutionary algorithms for constrained parameter optimization problems,Evolutionary Computation 4(1) (1996) 1-32．
[16] J-H.Kim,H.Myung,Evolutionary programming techniques for constraint optimization problems.IEEE Transcations on Evolutionary Computation I (2) (1997) 129-140．
[17] Z.Michalewicz.Personal communication,June 1998．
[18] H.-P.Schwefel ,Numerical Optimization of Computer Model,Wiley, New York,1983．
[19] Bayley,J.K.,Hrymak,A.N.,Treiber,S.S.and Hawkins,R.B.,Nonlinear optimization of a hydrocracker fractionation plant,Comp.Chem.Engng.,17, 123-138,1993．
[20] Krothapally,M.,and S.Palanki,"On-line Optimization of Batch Polymerization Processes," AIChE 1996 Annual Meeting,Chicago,Nov.10-15 (1996) .
[21] Soroush,M.,and C.Kravaris,"Nonlinear Control of a Batch Polymerization Reactor: An Experimental Study,"AIChE J.,38,1429 (1992) .
[22] Soroush,M.,and C.Kravaris,"Optimal Design and Operation of Batch Reactors.2． A Case Study," Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,32,882 (1993) .
[23] Thomas, I. M., and C. Kiparissides, "Computation of Near_Optimal Temperature and Initiator Policies for a Batch Polymerization Reactor," Can.J.Chem. Eng., 62, 284(1984).
[24] 隋保友，浙江大学硕士学位论文，2000．3。
[25] 钱伯章，当代石油化工自动化的技术发展要点(续)，化工自动化及仪表，第24卷第1期，3—9，1997。
[26] 王立行，石油化工过程控制技术的现状和发展趋势，炼油设计，第30卷第2期，2000。
[27] 宗承凯，实时优化控制技术及其应用，油气综合利用工程，第5卷第3期，1999。
[28] 孟振湘等，专家系统在1#催化裂化装置的应用，化工自动化及仪表，2000．27(5)：14-19。
[29] 钱伯章，专家系统在炼油及石化工业的应用(1)，炼油化工自动化，第1期，1994。
[30] 张荣贤，胡上序，知识矩阵表达和综合调优专家系统，计算机与应用化学，4．1992。
[31] 胡上序，王璞等，自适应当调优专家系统及其应用，计算机化工应用学会第二届全国年会论文，1989．10。
[32] 张荣贤，胡上序，专家系统在调优技术中的应用，计算机世界，1990．11。
[33] 李红军，秦永胜等，化工过程中的数据协调及显著性检，化工自动化及仪表，1997，24 (2)：25～32。
[34] 段上为 吴产乐等，综合评判中异常数据的处理及实现。武汉大学学报(自然科学版)1999．2。
[35] 袁璞，未来石油化工装置的操作和控制，
[36] 陈乃祥，张扬军等，水轮机导水叶折线关闭规律的优化计算，水力发电，1996．12。
[37] 孙建丽 国产化DCS-DJK-7500系统在胜利炼油厂成功应用的介绍与评价，油气综合利用工程，第5卷第2期，1996。
[38] 胡上序，计算技术的发展和过程生产优化，计算机世界，316期，1990。
[39] 鲍杰，严国祥等，气体分离装置压力波动对能耗的影响，石油炼制与化工，第29卷第4期，1998。
[40] 胡上序，陈建信等，现场数据的统计分析研究(内部资料)，MOLEX装置的离线调优鉴定会资料之三，1986。
[41] 浙江大学化工研究分所 操作条件的正交组合试验(内部资料)，MOLEX装置的离线调优鉴定会资料之四，1986。
[42] 何小其，浙江大学博士论文，2001．9。
[43] 丁利华，俞金寿，乙烯精馏塔优化专家系统 华东化工学院学报1992-6。