摘要
园林绿化垃圾是城市不可回收有机垃圾的重要组成部分。其成分复杂、含水率高、易腐败、有恶臭、长期堆放有安全隐患,是蚊蝇、蟑螂、老鼠等滋生场所,也是病菌、病毒的主要传播源,同时在收集、运输和管理等方面均较复杂,对城市形象、环境和社会造成极大危害;目前我国城市园林垃圾处理仍然是以收集-填埋或焚烧的末端治理为主。
通过调查发现,深圳市园林绿化垃圾产生量大,资源化利用水平不高,现在主要是通过填埋-焚烧或者粉碎后露天堆腐等方法进行处理。本文就园林绿化垃圾就地堆腐技术进行研究。采用就地堆腐的方式处理,可减少运输成本,不占用垃圾填埋场,还能使园林绿化垃圾堆腐成为有机肥,达到源头资源化的效果。研究结果如下:
1深圳市可利用绿化垃圾产生总量约为677吨/天,绿化垃圾产生量年变化波动较大,冬季2月份最低,夏季8月份台风季节最高,是冬季的2-3倍,全市绿化垃圾的日均变化量约为677±270吨。
2根据回归方程预测,2010年、2015年和2020年,深圳市园林绿化垃圾将分别达到816吨/天、1038吨/天和1261吨/天。
3园林绿化垃圾含水率较高,树叶、草坪基本相同可达到48.2%,枝条相对较低为41.4%;纤维素和木质素含量高,树叶、草坪的全碳量可达到44.8%而枝条的全碳量达到46.5%,园林绿化垃圾的氮、磷、钾相对较低,在就地堆腐时需要调节其C/N比等参数。
4试验结果显示:调节C/N比和减少植株颗粒度的处理能有效地提高园林绿化垃圾的腐熟度,缩短其腐熟时间。
5对于不同类型的园林绿化垃圾应该采取不同的处理方式,树叶、草屑等采用就地堆腐的方式可在3个月内趋于腐熟,但枝条等木质素含量高的垃圾不易腐解,需采用制备颗粒燃料等方式进行利用。
Landscaping waste is an important component of urban non-recoverable organic waste. It has complicated composition, high moisture content and bad smell and can be corroded easily. If kept for a long time, it shall become security risk and the place for reproducing mosquitoes and flies, cockroaches, mice, etc. It is also a main spreading source of germina and virus. Meanwhile, it is complicated to collect, transport and manage the landscaping waste and it shall cause large damage to the urban image, environment and society. Now, the urban landscaping waste disposal of our country is still realized by collecting-burying or burning end treatment. The landscaping waste of Shenzhen is treated mainly by open decay after burying, burning or smashing, and the resource utilization is not high. After the investigation on the current status of Shenzhen landscaping waste, it is put forward to adopt local piling and rotting for Shenzhen landscaping wastes to make them become resource.
1 Now, the total production of utilizable greening waste of the whole city has reached to 677ton per day, the annual variation tendency of landscaping waste production is large, the minimum value appears in February in winter, the maximum value appears in typhoon season in summer, which is two or three times of that in winter. The average daily variance of landscaping waste of the whole city is about 677±270 ton.
2 It is predicted in the method of unary linear regression as per the Shenzhen Green System Planning (2004-2020) that the landscaping green waste of Shenzhen will reach 816 ton/day, 1038 ton/day and 1261 ton/day respectively in 2010, 2015 and 2020.
3.The analysis on the factors affecting the experiments shows that the moisture content has the largest effect on the reaction speed of experiment, the second is the adjustment of C/N ratio, and the grain size and the temperature have the least effect.
4.The results showed that: regulation of C / N ratio and particle size reduction of the processing plant can effectively refuse to improve landscaping maturity, shortening the time of its maturity
5 .For different types of landscaping should refuse to take a different approach, leaves,etc. Clipping acids using in situ approach can be achieved within3 months of maturity,but the branches of high lignin content, such as non-perishable garbage solutionsPreparation of particles to be used, such as the use of fuel
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