摘要
空心微珠是一种轻质、表面光滑、中空的细小球形颗粒，通常作为复合材料的填料使用，加入微珠能降低基体密度，能提高材料的比强度、比刚度。由空心微珠和聚氨酯制备的泡沫塑料广泛应用在航空、航天等领域。这些空心玻璃微珠表面进行金属化处理后，可以代替金属丝或金属粉，填充到基体材料中制备成具有电磁屏蔽功能的复合材料，为电磁屏蔽材料的开发及应用提供了更广阔的空间。
本文对电磁屏蔽复合材料的制备展开研究，以粒径大小为200μm的镀铜微珠与粒径大小为20~30μm的镀银微珠填充环氧树脂，制成了具有电磁屏蔽功能的轻质复合材料。通过改变微珠填充量的大小，研究了玻璃微珠在10%、30%、50%三种体积分数下，这种复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能及力学性能。
在本试验中，微珠粒径大小与微珠含量是可变因素，制备了六组试件。在电磁屏蔽效能测试中，通过法兰同轴测试方法，分别测试了这六组试件的电磁屏蔽效能，发现微珠粒径大小及微珠填充比大小对材料电磁屏蔽效能有很大影响。在力学性能测试中，通过拉伸、蠕变与应力松弛试验，研究了各组试件的基本力学性能，发现微珠粒径大小及微珠填充比大小同样影响着各试件的力学性能。最后通过有限元分析，研究了涂层厚度及壁厚对材料有效弹性模量间的影响。
Hollow glass beads is a lightweight、smooth surface、hollow、small sphericalparticles, usually used as a composite material filler.The addition of the beads couldreduce the density of the matrix,improve the specific strength and specific stiffness of thematerials.The foam plastic which was made by hollow glass beads and polyurethane arewidely used in aviation and aerospace field. After surface metallization, metal powder andmetal wire would be replaced by these hollow glass beads. As soon as they were filledinto matrix material,the electromagnetic shielding material was made,which provide abroad space for the development and application of the electromagnetic shielding material.
In this paper,preparation of electromagnetic shielding composite material wasstudied.Coppered beads whose grain diameter are200μm and silvered beads whose graindiameter are20~30μm were filled into epoxy,then the lightweight electromagneticshielding composite material was made.The shielding effectiveness and mechanicalproperty of the composite material were studied in10%、30%and50%of the volumefraction by changing the beads content.
In this test, particle size and beads content were variable, six groups of specimenswere made. In the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness tests，the electromagneticshielding effectiveness of the six groups of specimens were tested by flange coaxial testmethod.It was found that the beads size and the filling ratio greated affectedelectromagnetic shielding effectiveness. In the mechanical property test,the basicmechanical property of each specimen was studied through the tensile, creep and stressrelaxation experiments. It was found that the beads size and the filling ratio also greatedaffected mechanical property of each specimen.At last,the coating thickness and beadswall thickness on the influence of effective elastic modulus were studied throughfinite-element analysis.
引文
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