摘要
城市夜间人工照明产生的光污染逐渐加剧，导致国际范围的光生态事故频发。近年来欧美对人工光生态学的研究已广泛展开，我国虽拥有“西—澳”国际鸟道90%的种群资源，但鲜有此类研究，这不但导致我国各地存在巨大的光生态隐患，而且严重阻碍了我国生态照明的发展。本文旨在针对夜间迁徙候鸟典型种群探寻“人工光刺激——行为反应关系”的基础科学问题，从而为我国生态照明研究的展开提供样本数据、典型种群研究结论以及光生态基础研究方法。
本课题目前得到以下几项成果：1）通过文献研究，系统地归纳总结了“基于候鸟保护的室外照明光生态研究”相关领域的国内外最新研究动态；通过对“西—澳”鸟道天津地区候鸟种群的资料研究结合已有光生态事故的案例研究，遴选出夜间迁徙候鸟的典型物种；2）观察和现场调研。以天津典型生态交错区为研究区域进行夜间人工光环境现状初步调研；3）通过定量实验，得到秋季迁徙期日落前后天然光条件下红喉歌鸲行为反应的基础数据；确定了其行为活动产生变化的可见光照度、紫外照度临界阈值；4）通过“对比实验”，即在暗室条件下对红喉歌鸲进行LED光源五种单色光及混合白光同等照度的光照—行为反应记录、统计分析，与天然光条件的基础数据对比得到了不同波长单色光对实验对象行为影响的差异。
课题研究的三个创新点：1）通过定量化实验分析，研究红喉歌鸲在秋季迁徙期日落前后，天然光环境下的量化行为特征，得到使其行为活动产生变化的可见光照度和紫外照度临界阈值；2）在暗室条件下对红喉歌鸲进行LED光源五种单色光及混合白光光刺激实验，确定人工光“单色光刺激——行为反应”定量化关系，得到红喉歌鸲对可见光的光谱敏感特性数值曲线；3）通过使用数字化图像处理分析技术，对红喉歌鸲光刺激下行为反应进行定量化统计计算，提高了海量数据的统计效率和计算精度。
Light pollution associated with urban artificial night lighting gradually increased,and many international accidents of light pollution happened. In recent years, manyresearch projects on artificial light ecology have been conducted in Europe andAmerica. Comparatively, even if about90%species resources of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway inhabit China, there is few studies on the research in China,which resulted in many potential photoecology problems existing in lots of parts ofour country, and seriously hindered the development of ecological lighting in China.The research explores the relations, as basic science research, about―artificial lightingstimulus----behavioral responses‖aiming at typical species of nocturnal migrantbirds, and in turn offers datum of samples, research findings of the typical species andbasic research methodology of photoecology for conducting further ecologicallighting research in China.
The research project achieved the following findings:1) through literaturereview, Chinese and international recent progress in research related to “migrantbirds’ protection-based outdoor lighting photoecology‖was summarizedsystematically. In particular, we selected the typical species of nocturnal migrant birdsthrough case studies on photoecology accidents related to the East Asian-Australasian Flyway within Tianjin area.2) We conducted observation and fieldinvestigation on artificial night lighting environments at the typical ecotone in Tianjin.3) based on quantitative experiments, we got the basic datum about behavioralchanges of Siberian Rubythroat in the daylight environments around sunset in autumn,and then obtained the threshold values of visible light illuminance and UV radiationaccording to its behavioral changes.4) by―comparative experiments‖using five LEDmonochromatic light and mixed while light in dark room, the research recorded andanalyzed behavioral responses of Siberian Rubythroat under same illuminance, andidentified the differences on the bird‘s behaviors under different bands ofmonochromatic light compared with natural lighting conditions.
The three innovative contents are:1) the research obtained basic datum about thebehavioral features of typical migrant bird--Siberian Rubythroat responding todaylight, which filled the sample blank related to the photoecology research.2) The research concluded the quantitative relations between the monochromic light stimulusand behavioral responses, and also found the spectral sensitivity of SiberianRubythroat.3) Through image processing technologies, the research achieved thequantitative statistics analysis on behavior observations with large sample data.
引文
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