摘要
产业内贸易由于其能够更好地解释国际贸易新现象而在近些年来成为国际贸易理论的研究热点。在实践中,产业内贸易不仅已经成为发达国家对外贸易的重要组成部分,而且在广大发展中国家也正在加速发展中。对发展中国家而言,基于传统资源禀赋及比较优势进行分工的产业间贸易更多地以发展中国家廉价的劳动力与资源为条件,使发展中国家长期处于价值链的低端,不利于发展中国家产业结构的提升;而产业内贸易则在同一产业内进行分工生产并交易,能够促使一国产业结构的改善,提高经济发展水平。
本文以我国钢铁行业为研究对象,在梳理国内外学者对产业内贸易已有研究的基础上阐述了产业内贸易的相关理论,然后运用目前研究中最常用的GL指数测度我国钢铁行业总体及子产业产业内贸易水平,并对其发展现状进行分析,从中发现存在的问题;进而从实证的角度,将贸易引力模型引入到我国钢铁行业产业内贸易的研究中来,运用计量方法研究现阶段我国钢铁行业产业内贸易发展的影响因素,以期从中找寻出进一步促进我国钢铁行业产业内贸易发展与竞争力提升的途径。
主要研究结论为:(1)现阶段我国钢铁行业产业内贸易水平较低,且以水平型为主,但近年来呈现出上升的趋势。从子产业方面来看,部分钢铁品目的产业内贸易水平较高,但其大多为低附加值的产品;(2)我国与贸易伙伴国的市场平均规模、市场规模差异、人均收入差异、我国对外开放度、国际直接投资、双方地理距离等因素均对我国钢铁行业产业内贸易的发展有显著影响,而目前我国钢铁行业的规模经济的影响则不显著。最后本文还提出进一步通过加大整合力度、加大技术提升投入力度、营造良好对外贸易环境及合理吸引与引导外资等途径促进我国钢铁行业的产业内贸易水平,促进其产业结构的提升和竞争力的提高。
Intra-industry trade has been become a research focus of international trade theory, because it can explain the new phenomenons in international trade better than traditional trade theory. In practice, the industry trade has been developed as an important component of foreign trade in developed countries, at the same time, in many developing countries, their developments are also accelerating. For developing countries, the inter industry trade ,which based on traditional natural resources and comparative advantages of the division, is at the expenses of their cheap labor and resources, in this trade style, the developing countries are always in the low-end value chain, it can not improve the industrial structure of developing countries in the long term. But for intra industry trade, there are more divisions of work within the same industry and trade exchanges, it can promote the improvement of a country's industrial structure, improve the level of economic development.
Under the guidance of this theory, this paper studies on China's iron and steel industry. Firstly, it makes an introduction of relevant industry trade theory on the basis of existing research; Secondly, this paper uses the GL index to measure the intra industry trade level of China's iron and steel industry as a whole and sub-industry trade within industry standards, then makes an analysis of the status of its development, and finds some problems; Thirdly, from an empirical perspective, this paper introduces the trade gravity model on the study, using quantitative methods to study the factors that affects the intra industry trade, in order to find out the ways to promote intra-industry trade of China's steel industry and improve its competitiveness.
Research results are as follows: (1) The level of intra-industry trade of China's steel industry is low at this stage and the main is horizontal type, but it shows an upward trend in recent years. From the sub-industry perspective, some items of iron and steel are at higher industry trade level, but most of the products are low value-added products; (2)Some factors ,such as the average size of the market between China and the trade partners, their market size differences, the average of per capital income, the opening degree of China, the international direct investment and the distance between China and the trade partners have significant effect on the intra industry trade of China’s iron and steel industry. But the impact of economies of scale is not significant. Finally, the paper also proposes to increase further integration efforts, increase investment to help technological progress, create a sound external trade environment and a reasonable way to attract and guide foreign investment in order to promote China's steel industry and its intra industry trade level, and then promote the upgrading of its industrial structure and improve its competitiveness.
引文
1陈迅,李维.产业内贸易的计量.财贸研究,2004,(3):41-47
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