摘要
超磁致伸缩材料(GMM)的优异性能使其在电-机换能、传感器、自感知执行器等领域具有广阔的应用前景。对磁致伸缩正逆效应与自感知理论的研究,必将推动和加速超磁致伸缩材料在智能器件中的应用。
本文首先对超磁致伸缩材料的性能和换能器的用途做了详细的阐述,对自感知执行器的概念做了简要的说明,给出了论文的主要工作。
其次,详细论述了磁致伸缩机理和磁致伸缩材料的基本特性,介绍了磁致伸缩机理的三种表现形式和基于自感知机理的压磁方程,说明了恒温和变温下两个方程的含义。从J-A模型入手,结合二次畴转模型和动力学模型,建立了磁致伸缩换能器的正效应模型。利用该模型编制了仿真程序,对外加磁场与磁化强度、位移和磁致伸缩之间的关系进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,当偏置电流大小低于激励电流幅值时,位移和应变均会有倍频现象发生,增大偏置电流倍频现象减弱或者消失
利用磁机耦合模型建立了磁致伸缩换能器的逆效应模型,利用该模型编制了仿真程序,对外加应力与磁化强度、感应电压之间的关系进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,预应力越大,输出电压峰-峰值越小。仿真结果与实验结果对比,验证该模型的准确性。
研究了电桥电路自感知检测原理,并编写换能器的动力学状态方程程序,将电路部分和器件动力学模型结合建立了自感知电桥电路模型I;在电桥电路模型I的基础上,将J-A模型引入得到电桥电路模型II,仿真结果表明此模型能更准确的描述材料本身的磁滞非线性,从而为实际搭建电桥电路提取自感知电压信号做铺垫。利用压磁方程和法拉第定律推导了自感知力和位移的公式,将自感知电压信号转化为自感知力和速度信号,从而在电桥电路模型II得到改进的电桥电路模型III。
Giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) has a lot of outstanding performances, which make it have a broad prospect well in sonar, detection, magnetical, mechanical and eleetrical transducer fields. The research on the positive& inverse effect and self-sensing theory will push forwad and accelerate the giant magnetostrictive material in smart device application.
Firstly, the performances of giant magnetostrictive material and applications of the giant magnetostrictive transducer are explained in detail in the paper, the concept of self-sensing actuator is summarized briefly; the main jobs are gived in paper.
Secondly, the magnetostriction mechanismbasic and the basic features of GMM are expounded in detail, three kinds of forms of magnetostrietive fundamental phenomenons and piezomagnetic equations on account of self-sensing fundamentalare introduced, the meanings of two equations are talked about under constant temperature and change temperature.
The paper established a positive effect model of magnetostrictive transducer based on the JA model and combined with secondary domain model and dynamic model. According to the model the simulation program is compiled, a research on the simulation for the relationship of additional magnetic field and magnetic field intensity, displacement and magnetostrictive is made. The simulation result show that both displacement and strain would occur times frequency phenomenon when bias current less than the excited current. The times frequency phenomenon will weaken and disappear with increasing bias current.
An inverse effect model of magnetostrictive transducer based on the magnetic machine coupling model is established. And compile the simulation program according to the inverse effect model.The paper make a research on the simulation for the relationship of the applied stress and magnetizing strength, and the relationship of the applied stress and inductive voltage. The simulation result show that the bigger the prestress and the smaller the output voltage peak–peak. It verifies the accuracy of the model by contrasting the simulation results and experimental results.
The paper discuss the theory of self-sensing detection of electric bridge circuit, and compile the program of dynamic equation of transducer. It present the model I of self-sensing detection of electric bridge circuit by combining the circuit with dynamics model. According to the model I of self-sensing detection of electric bridge circuit, JA model into the model II of self-sensing detection of electric bridge circuit is introduced. The simulation result shows that the model II can accurately describe the hysteresis nonlinear of the material themselves. Basis on it we can build a bridge circuit in practice and extract self-sensing signal. It derives the formulation of self-perception force and displacement. with piezomagnetic equation and Faraday’s law, and convert the self-sensing voltage signal into a self-sensing force and speed signal, therefore, derive the mode III of electric bridge circuit by improving the mode II of electric bridge circuit.
引文
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