摘要
在三次采油过程中,需要用静态混合器将聚丙烯酰胺溶液(PAM)和水混合后注入井下。为了提高聚合物的驱油效果,工业上要求聚丙烯酰胺溶液通过静态混合器后,其粘度降解率应小于2%,而目前现场使用的静态混合器都无法满足要求,因此,需要设计一种特殊的静态混合器来确保PAM溶液的粘度降解率小于2%。
本文在前人研究的基础上,设计了一种适合聚合物混合的静态混合器,并通过实验和数值模拟两种方法对静态混合器的结构参数进行优化。
首先,通过实验研究静态混合器的降解特性,得出了在不同流量、不同结构下,质量分数为0.5%的PAM溶液的粘度降解率,以及流量、叶片角度、内管长度对混合器压降的影响关系。
其次,通过实验研究了PAM非牛顿流体与水的混合特性,在一定流量和混合比例下,研究了开孔率、开孔位置、开孔大小、开孔数目对混合效果的影响,根据实验结果优选出满足工业上对PAM降解率的要求,且混合效果好的结构。
最后,采用FLUENT流体计算软件,对优化出的静态混合器的混合过程进行了数值模拟,得出了静态混合器的流场和浓度场,分析了静态混合器的混合机理。
上述实验与数值模拟研究工作为以后进一步研究提供了依据。
In oilfield tertiary recovery, static mixer will be used to mix polyacrylamide water solution(PAM) and water, and then pourd them into underground. In industrial production, in order to improve oil displacement effect,when the polyacrylamide solution through the static mixer, its viscosity reduction rate should be less than 2%.But present field used static mixer is unable to satisfy the request, therefore, special static mixers are needed to insure that the viscosity decreasing ratio of PAM water solution is less than 2%.
Based on the previous studies, this paper designed a kind of special static mixer for mixing polymer, and carried on the optimization of the static mixer's structure through the experiment and numerically simulation.
First, the degradation characteristics of PAM non-Newtonian fluid in static mixers were studied. The effects of flow rate and static mixer type on the viscosity decreasing ratio of 0.5%(wt)PAM water solution were investigated. The relations between pressure drop and flow rate, blade angle, length of inner pipe were obtained.
Next, the mixing characteristics of PAM non-Newtonian fluid in static mixers were studied. The effects of the rate of hole, hole location, hole size, the number of openings on the pipe were investigated. The best structure that meet the requirement of industry for the degradation rate and the mixing effect were optimized according to the experiment.
At last, using FLUENT software, the flow and concentration fields in the static mixer were obtained and the static mixer mixing mechanism was analysised.
The above experiment and the numerical simulation research work has provided the basis for the later further research.
引文
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