摘要
汽车钢板弹簧是车辆保证其行驶平顺性和操纵稳定性的重要高负荷安全部件。目前汽车钢板弹簧的设计存在着设计计算量和人工作业量大、设计重用率低、设计过程的适应性差等问题,严重影响了产品开发能力和企业市场竞争能力的提升。
针对汽车钢板弹簧及其同类汽车零部件的产品特性,在分析产品快速设计和产品配置设计方法的基础上,论文提出一种新的产品设计方法—产品自组织配置设计,有机结合自组织思想和配置设计技术,使得整个产品设计过程按照自组织的模式进行组合、计算和推理,提高设计效率和质量。论文主要研究工作如下：
(1)提出产品自组织配置设计的概念模型,分别从熵理论、耗散结构理论和协同学的角度描述产品自组织配置设计过程,确定产品自组织配置设计的实现过程和支撑技术。
(2)在区分产品自组织配置设计中的知识类型的基础上,结合知识粒度理论,建立设计需求和配置单元的知识表达模型,表述从设计需求到配置单元的映射规则；研究产品自组织配置设计中的知识编码规则；提出产品自组织配置设计中的知识表达方法。
(3)在归纳汽车钢板弹簧自组织配置设计中初始配置单元求解类型的基础上,分别针对概率型和模糊型映射以及多种需求共存等情况,分别采用遗传算法和神经网络,提出不同类型初始配置单元的求解方法,并用实例进行验证；
(4)分析汽车钢板弹簧自组织配置设计中配置单元的信息组合方式,研究配置单元自相似度的计算方法；基于分形理论,研究汽车钢板弹簧自组织配置设计中的组合模型和分形规划方法,建立汽车钢板弹簧自组织配置设计的过程模型；针对组合后的结构方案,运用神经网络方法,研究特定结构配置单元的参数快速配置技术,形成基于配置单元的汽车钢板弹簧自组织配置设计方法。
(5)针对汽车钢板弹簧设计过程,构建评价指标；基于物元理论,研究汽车钢板弹簧自组织配置设计过程的评价方法,并针对评价结果提出进行反馈修改的措施,以改进和完善设计过程中的具体环节。
最后,研究汽车钢板弹簧自组织配置设计的工程应用方法,开发汽车钢板弹簧自组织配置设计系统,验证所提出的方法。
Leaf-spring is an important safety component with high load to guarantee vehicle riding comfort and handling stability. In the current design of Vehicle leaf-spring, there are some problems of design method and process such as heavy calculating and manual work, poor design reuse and adaptability, which exert negative effects on the improvement of product development and market competiveness of the enterprise.
Considering the feature of vehicle leaf-spring and other products similar to it, a new method of self-organizing configuration design for vehicle leaf-spring is put forward through the analysis of Product Rapid Design and Product Configuration Design. The method is a combination of self-organization and configuration design, which makes it possible to combine, calculate and reason in self-organizing mode during the process of design so that design quality and efficiency can be improved. The main research contents of the dissertation are as follows.
(1) Starting with the concept model of product self-organizing configuration design, the process of product self-organizing configuration is described based upon the theory of entropy and dissipative structure respectively. Implementation process and support technologies of product self-organizing configuration design are put forward.
(2) Design knowledge in product self-organizing configuration design is classified. Combined with the theory of knowledge granularity, knowledge representation model is built for design requirement and configuration unit respectively, and mapping rules from design requirement to configuration unit are described. Knowledge coding method is researched in product self-organizing configuration design. Consequently, the method architecture of knowledge representation is formed for product self-organizing configuration design.
(3) The type of solution for initial configuration unit is generalized in self-organizing configuration design for vehicle leaf-spring. Based upon genetic algorithm, the solution of initial configuration unit is researched for fuzzy or probability mapping. Meantime, aiming to multi-requriements'effect, a solution model of Neural Network is constructed, which is testified by an example.
(4) The method of information combination of configuration units is analyzed in self-organizing configuration design for vehicle leaf-spring, and the calculation of self-similarity between configuration units is researched. Based upon fractal theory, combination model for self-organizing configuration design for vehicle leaf-spring is built and the method of fractal plan is present. Meantime, process model is constructed for self-organizing configuration design for vehicle leaf-spring. Additionally, aiming to the structure scheme after the combination of configuration units, the technology of rapid parameter configuration is researched for configuration unit with a certain structure on the basis of Neural Network.
(5) Evaluation indexes are constructed for the process of self-organizing configuration design for vehicle leaf-spring. Based upon the theory of matter element, the method of evaluation is researched for the process of design, and measures for feedback and improvement is put forward according to the result of evaluation so as to correct and improve some stages and parts of the process.
At last, engineering application of self-organizing configuration design for vehicle leaf-spring is researched, and a system of design is developed to testify the method mentioned in the dissertation.
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