摘要
本文主要研究实验室化学法制备高纯度二氧化氯和二氧化氯用作自来水消毒剂控制水中三氯甲烷的形成。实验采用强酸性条件下还原氯酸钠制备高纯度二氧化氯，探讨制备过程中二氧化氯浓度和纯度的影响因素。就自来水二氧化氯消毒控制三氯甲烷形成进行了试验研究，二氧化氯预消毒替代预氯化可以降低水中的三氯甲烷，预消毒处理后形成三氯甲烷的反应受温度和反应时间影响。使用二氧化氯与氯配制的混合消毒剂消毒时，随二氧化氯含量增加，水中的三氯甲烷将明显减少。二氧化氯预处理能降低水中总有机碳(TOC)，而且使水中三氯甲烷生成潜能(THMFP)下降，表明二氧化氯可与天然有机质发生氧化反应去除部分三氯甲烷前体物，在絮凝之前投加二氧化氯对三氯甲烷生成潜能的去除率高于在絮凝之后投加二氧化氯。自来水采用二氧化氯预消毒替代液氯可以控制水中三氯甲烷的形成。
Preparation of high purity chlorine dioxide using chemical method in laboratory and application of chlorine dioxide as disinfector in drinking water disinfection to control trichloromethane formation were investigated. Under high acidic condition reducing agent such as sodium sulfite, sulfur dioxide et al, could reduce sodium chlorate to produce chlorine dioxide, the factors which would influence content and purity of chlorine dioxide were discussed. Controlling chloroform in drinking water using chlorine dioxide as pretreatment disinfector was reported. Using chlorine dioxide as first disinfector followed by chlorine as secondary disinfector would decrease the concentration of chloroform in drinking water. Chlorination after chlorine dioxide pretreatment may be influenced by reaction time and temperature. Additionally, when the mixture
which composed of chlorine and chlorine dioxide was used, with the content of chlorine dioxide in mixture disinfector increasing, chloroform in the sample treated by it may decrease obviously. The concentration of TOC(Total Organic Carbon) in water was decreased when pretreating samples with chlorine dioxide as disinfector followed by chlorine as secondary disinfector. Furthermore, the THMFP(Trihalomethane Formation Potential) in water also reduced, which indicated that chlorine dioxide could oxidize NOM(Natural Organic Matter) to remove precursor of trihalomethane, as the result of these reactions , the concentration of trichloromethane in water would decrease. Adding chlorine dioxide to raw water before flocculation the percentage of removing THMFP was higher than that after flocculation. Substituting chlorine dioxide for chlorine as pretreatment disinfector may control trichloromethane formation in drinking water.
引文
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