摘要
印染废水是水体污染的重要来源,是目前较难处理也是急需处理的工业废水。其存在不仅影响纺织印染业的可持续发展,而且在一定程度上对人类的生存环境造成了威胁。我国每年有6～7亿吨的印染废水排入水环境中,长期以来,印染废水因具有水量大、有机污染物含量高、难降解物质多、色度高,以及组分复杂等特点,致使染料废水一直难以找到行之有效的处理方法。这对我国水质安全造成极大威胁。因此,解决印染废水的污染问题势在必行,而研究开发新型高效的印染废水脱色材料是解决这一问题的有效途径之一。目前,印染废水脱色方法主要包括吸附法、膜分离法、氧化还原法、光催化氧化法、电化学法及生物法等。
天然矿物具有表面效应、孔道效应、离子交换效应、水合效应、氧化还原效应、半导体效应、矿物生物交换效应等诸多效应,表现出独特的环境净化功能。天然矿物还具有分布广泛、价格低廉等优点。因此在环境净化领域中具有非常广阔的应用前景。天然矿物材料通过吸附、光催化降解等作用可有效去除印染废水中的染料分子。为了开发天然矿物环境净化材料,本课题采用高岭土作为粘结剂,白云石、菱镁矿、菱铁矿、钛矿等矿物作为功能陶瓷原料,粉碎成细粉,按配比混料,造粒,90℃烘干,900℃烧结1h、水洗合成天然矿物复合陶瓷材料(CMC),用于印染废水的脱色。并对酸性黑10B (AcidB)、直接混纺蓝D-3GL (DirectB)两种不同性质的偶氮型染料废水进行了定量脱色研究,获得的主要结论如下：
(1)当材料投加量为8 g/L,处理时间12 h,pH 2～8,对酸性黑1OB (AcidB)、直接混纺蓝D-3GL(DirectB)两种废水均有95%以上的去除率。
(2)经600℃或800℃煅烧15 min的工艺进行再生活化,使材料中暂不具备活性的金属离子反复不断地具备活性,实现了陶瓷材料的循环使用,材料的使用次数在6次以上。材料能多次利用,在印染废水的处理上将有很好的应用前景。
(3)共存离子对材料的脱色有一定影响,Cl-和SO42-离子浓度增大有利于直接混纺蓝D-3GL(DirectB)染料的脱色。
(4)此方法制得的天然矿物复合陶瓷材料微孔结构明显,采用高温煅烧来实现造粒是切实可行的,浸泡强度大于25 d,解决了粉末材料在废水脱色过程中存在的固液难以分离的问题,成本较低,制作工艺简单,无二次污染,实现了最低污染化的制备过程。
利用天然矿物处理印染废水,因其原料来源丰富,价格低廉,脱色效果好,近年来在印染废水脱色中逐渐成为研究热点。本文制备天然矿物复合陶瓷材料,用于印染废水脱色,拓宽了天然矿物的环境价值,以期获得一种新型环境矿物陶瓷材料。
Dyeing wastewater, as a main source of water pollution, is difficult and urgent to be properly treated at present. Its esistence influences the sustainable development of textile dyeing and printing industry and pose a threat to the human survival environment.In our country,6～7 million tons of printing and dyeing wastewater was discharged into the water environment yearly. Printing and dyeing wastewater, with large amount of water, high organic contaminant content, much refractory compound, high chroma, complicated components, and so on, results that it is hardly to find effective printing and dyeing wastewater disposal route for a long time. All of them have an extremely threaten to water quality security of our country.Therefore, resolving the printing and dyeing wastewater staining problem is imperatived under the situation. And reserrching and developing new and effective decolorization material to printing and dyeing wastewater is one of the efficient pathes.At present, bleaching methods mainly include adsorption method, membrane separation, redox process, photocatalytic oxidation process, electrochemical process, biology method, etc. And physical chemistry-biochemistry group technology is mainly adoped, physical-chemistry in decoloration, biochemistry in removal of organics at domestic.
Natural minerals have surface effect, porthole effect, ion exchange effect, hydrate effect, redox effect, Semiconductor effect, biology exchange effect, etc. So they show up unique environmental purification function. Besides, natural minerals also have following merits, widespread and low price.So mineral materia have a bright application prospect in the environmental purification territory. Natural minerals can effectively remove dye pollutants via adsorption, photocatalytic degradation processes. In order to develop novel environmental mineral material, some natural minerals as raw materials, composite ceramic material (CMC) was synthesized with a mix-granulate-calcine process(90℃parch,900℃calcine for 1h). For the new ceramic material, the decolorization capability to the dyes (Acid Blank 10B, Direct Blending Blue D-3GL) was investigated through quantitative research and batch experiments. The main conclusions are as follows:
1. The decolorization rate of both wastewater can reach more than 95% under the optimum condition,8 g/L dosage,12 h react time, and pH 2-8.
2. After being calcinated at 800℃for 15min, making the metal ions possess activity over and over again, the material can be regenerated. It demonstrated that usage counter was over six times.
3. Present anions had vnaanlbzon on the decolorization, Cl- and SO42- make a big difference on the DirectB decolorization, higher ion concentration was good for dye decolorization.
4. The characteristics of the material showed, the material had apparent micropore structure. It is feasible to achieve granulate by high temperature calcine, soaking strength>20d, low dissipation rate. It demonstrated that the process is an effective solution to the problems of the separation of mushy stage. Moreover, it had low cost, simple manufacture craft and no secondary pollution, achieving the lowest pollution preparation process.
Natural minerals can dealwith printing and dyeing wastewater, because of its rich raw material resources, low in price and excellent decolorization, it gradually becomes research highlight of late years. In this paper, composite minerals ceramic materials were prepared to be applied to the decolorization of printing and dyeing wastewater. The environmental value of natural minerals was widen and new and effective environmental mineral materials were obtained.
引文
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